Murrell S A, Meeks S, Walker J
Department of Psychology, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Sep;6(3):352-60. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.3.352.
Four functions were examined by which health and self-esteem could ward off depression over time in older adults. Adults (N = 1,074)--55 years and older--were interviewed 5 times at 6-month intervals. Demographic and prevent depression controls were included. Neither health nor self-esteem served as an interactive buffer. Both had direct negative effects on depression, independent of events, over 2 years. Neither illnesses nor bereavements had direct effects on depression; both had indirect effects through other events; illness also had indirect effects by weakening health. Health had stronger preventive effect on illnesses but was more vulnerable to undesirable events than was self-esteem. There was little support for the specificity hypothesis that a close match between event and resource would increase resource effects.
研究考察了四种功能，通过这些功能，健康和自尊可以随着时间的推移抵御老年人的抑郁情绪。对年龄在55岁及以上的成年人（N = 1074）每隔6个月进行一次访谈，共访谈5次。纳入了人口统计学和预防抑郁的对照因素。健康和自尊均未起到交互缓冲作用。在两年多的时间里，二者均对抑郁有直接的负面影响，且与事件无关。疾病和丧亲之痛对抑郁均无直接影响；二者均通过其他事件产生间接影响；疾病还通过削弱健康产生间接影响。健康对疾病有更强的预防作用，但比自尊更容易受到不良事件的影响。事件与资源之间的紧密匹配会增加资源效应这一特异性假设几乎没有得到支持。
