Daniel James Z, Hickman Matthew, Macleod John, Wiles Nicola, Lingford-Hughes Anne, Farrell Michael, Araya Ricardo, Skapinakis Petros, Haynes Jon, Lewis Glyn
Academic Unit of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009 Mar;28(2):142-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00042.x.
To conduct a systematic review of longitudinal studies that examined the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and illegal drug use in later life.
Systematic search with an agreed list of search items was used to identify all longitudinal population-based studies that examined the association between childhood SES and later drug use. These included MEDLINE (1966-2005), EMBASE (1990-2005), CINAHL (1982-2005) and PsychInfo (1806-2005), and specialist databases of the Lindesmith Library, Drugscope and Addiction Abstracts. Foreign-language papers were included. Abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers. If there was disagreement to accept or reject the abstract, then a third reviewer acted as arbiter. Data were extracted by one of the authors.
Eleven relevant papers were identified (two birth cohorts and nine papers on school-aged cohorts). There was consistent evidence to support an association between lower childhood SES and later drug use, primarily cannabis use. However, few studies examined cannabis dependence, and studies of more problematic forms of drug use gave contradictory results.
We found consistent, though weak, evidence to support the assumption that childhood disadvantage is associated with later cannabis use. Further research is needed to clarify this issue and to inform future policies and public health messages.
对纵向研究进行系统综述，这些研究考察了儿童期社会经济地位（SES）与成年后非法药物使用之间的关联。
使用经商定的搜索词列表进行系统检索，以识别所有基于人群的纵向研究，这些研究考察了儿童期SES与后期药物使用之间的关联。检索数据库包括MEDLINE（1966 - 2005年）、EMBASE（1990 - 2005年）、CINAHL（1982 - 2005年）和PsychInfo（1806 - 2005年），以及林德史密斯图书馆、毒品问题研究中心和成瘾摘要的专业数据库。纳入外语论文。由两名评审员独立筛选摘要。如果在接受或拒绝摘要上存在分歧，则由第三名评审员担任仲裁。数据由一名作者提取。
识别出11篇相关论文（两篇关于出生队列，9篇关于学龄队列）。有一致的证据支持儿童期较低的SES与后期药物使用之间存在关联，主要是大麻使用。然而，很少有研究考察大麻依赖，对更严重形式药物使用的研究结果相互矛盾。
我们发现有一致的，尽管较弱的证据支持儿童期不利状况与后期大麻使用有关这一假设。需要进一步研究以阐明这一问题，并为未来政策和公共卫生信息提供依据。
