Wells Jessie Elisabeth, McGee Magnus A, Baxter Joanne, Agnew Francis, Kokaua Jesse
Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009 Mar;28(2):166-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00043.x.
Onset and lifetime use of drugs have not previously been reported for all adult ages in New Zealand. This paper reports such results and, for people born in New Zealand, compares age of onset across ethnic groups.
A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2003-2004, with oversampling of Māori and Pacific people. Participants were aged 16 years or more, living in permanent private dwellings. In the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), participants were asked if they had ever used drugs (alcohol, tobacco and five groups of other drugs) and the age of first use (except for tobacco). Estimates are weighted.
The response rate of 73.3% yielded 12 992 interviews. The percentage of participants who had ever used drugs was: 94.6% for alcohol, 50.8% for tobacco and 42.6% for any extramedical drug, including 41.6% for cannabis, 4.2% for cocaine and 2.9% for opioids. Use was much more common in recent cohorts for extramedical drugs. The median age of onset in each age cohort was always lowest for alcohol, then cannabis, then opioids, then cocaine. Among those born in New Zealand, Māori were more at risk of use than 'Others' with the lowest risk for Pacific people.
Interventions to prevent or to delay the onset of drug use need to occur before and during adolescence. The major cohort differences and the widespread experience of cannabis use help to explain the diversity of opinion in New Zealand about how to deal with this drug.
此前尚未有关于新西兰所有成年年龄段药物使用起始情况和终生使用情况的报告。本文报告了此类结果，并针对出生在新西兰的人群，比较了不同种族群体的药物使用起始年龄。
2003年至2004年开展了一项具有全国代表性的横断面调查，对毛利人和太平洋岛民进行了过度抽样。参与者年龄在16岁及以上，居住在永久性私人住宅中。在综合国际诊断访谈（CIDI 3.0）中，询问参与者是否曾使用过药物（酒精、烟草和其他五类药物）以及首次使用的年龄（烟草除外）。估计值经过加权处理。
73.3%的回复率产生了12992份访谈。曾使用过药物的参与者百分比分别为：酒精94.6%、烟草50.8%、任何非医疗用途药物42.6%，其中大麻41.6%、可卡因4.2%、阿片类药物2.9%。非医疗用途药物在最近几代人群中使用更为普遍。每个年龄组的药物使用起始年龄中位数始终是酒精最低，其次是大麻，然后是阿片类药物，最后是可卡因。在出生于新西兰的人群中，毛利人比“其他种族”有更高的药物使用风险，太平洋岛民风险最低。
预防或延迟药物使用起始的干预措施需要在青春期之前和期间实施。主要的代际差异以及大麻使用的广泛情况有助于解释新西兰在如何处理这种药物问题上存在的意见分歧。
