Lattuada L, Quaglia F, Iannelli F, Gissi C, Mantecca P, Bacchetta R, Polli M
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2009 Apr;126(2):154-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2008.00766.x.
In order to investigate the relationships between Italian wild boar and major pig breeds, we studied the genetic variability of four wild boar populations in Italy (Arezzo, Pisa, Parma, Bergamo) using a 533-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region. Sixty-nine wild boar samples were analysed, allowing the identification of 10 distinct haplotypes, which involve a total of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Phylogenetic and network analyses were performed also considering several sequences of wild and domesticated forms available in the databases. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree and the Median-Joining network analyses show three main groups: the Italian (IT), European (EU) and Asian (AS) clades. The IT clade corresponds to the Maremma endemic wild boar population and also includes Sardinian individuals, while the EU and AS groups include wild boars as well as domestic pig breeds. Only two individuals from Pisa cluster in the IT group, whereas two haplotypes from Bergamo cluster in the AS group and all other samples cluster in the EU clade. These findings suggest that in Italy wild boar populations have a mixed origin, both EU and AS, and that an interbreeding between wild and domesticated strains has probably occurred. Eight of the 10 wild boars coming from the Migliarino-San Rossore-Massaciuccoli Regional Park (Pisa) belong to H2 and H3 haplotypes, and cluster into the EU clade, suggesting that this regional park is not anymore exclusive of the endemic Maremma wild boar.
为了研究意大利野猪与主要猪品种之间的关系，我们使用线粒体控制区的一个533 bp片段，对意大利四个野猪种群（阿雷佐、比萨、帕尔马、贝加莫）的遗传变异性进行了研究。分析了69个野猪样本，鉴定出10种不同的单倍型，共涉及15个单核苷酸多态性。还结合数据库中现有的野生和驯化形式的多个序列进行了系统发育和网络分析。贝叶斯系统发育树和中介连接网络分析显示出三个主要群体：意大利（IT）、欧洲（EU）和亚洲（AS）进化枝。IT进化枝对应于马雷马地方野猪种群，也包括撒丁岛个体，而EU和AS群体包括野猪以及家猪品种。来自比萨的只有两个个体聚类在IT组，而来自贝加莫的两个单倍型聚类在AS组，所有其他样本聚类在EU进化枝。这些发现表明，在意大利，野猪种群有混合起源，既有欧洲的也有亚洲的，并且野生和驯化品系之间可能发生了杂交。来自米利亚里诺-圣罗索雷-马萨基乌科利地区公园（比萨）的10头野猪中有8头属于H2和H3单倍型，并聚类在EU进化枝中，这表明这个地区公园不再是马雷马地方野猪独有的了。
