Lippmann Morton
New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, NY.
Nonlinearity Biol Toxicol Med. 2005 Jan;3(1):125-44. doi: 10.2201/nonlin.003.01.008.
Environmental exposures to ambient air particulate matter (PM), ozone (O(3)), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and to dioxin and related compounds are of considerable public health concern, and risk assessments for them have generally been based on linear, non-threshold models derived from epidemiological study data. While the epidemiological databases for PM, O(3), and ETS have been sufficient to show that adverse health effects are occurring, the relative risks have been quite low, and it has not been possible, to date, to identify thresholds or non-linear relationships for them. For dioxin and related compounds, the evidence for excess cancer risks has been inadequate to establish causality, and there is suggestive evidence that hormesis may have occurred.
环境暴露于环境空气中的颗粒物（PM）、臭氧（O₃）、环境烟草烟雾（ETS）以及二恶英和相关化合物引起了相当大的公共卫生关注，对它们的风险评估通常基于从流行病学研究数据得出的线性无阈值模型。虽然关于PM、O₃和ETS的流行病学数据库足以表明正在产生不良健康影响，但相对风险一直很低，而且迄今为止，还无法确定它们的阈值或非线性关系。对于二恶英和相关化合物，过量癌症风险的证据不足以确立因果关系，并且有暗示性证据表明可能发生了 hormesis。
