Anion-catalyzed dissolution of NO2 on aqueous microdroplets.

Fifty-seven years after NO(x) (NO + NO(2)) were identified as essential components of photochemical smog, atmospheric chemical models fail to correctly predict OH/HO(2) concentrations under NO(x)-rich conditions. This deficiency is due, in part, to the uncertain rates and mechanism for the reactive dissolution of NO(2)(g) (2NO(2) + H(2)O = NO(3)(-) + H(+) + HONO) in fog and aerosol droplets. Thus, state-of-the-art models parametrize the uptake of NO(2) by atmospheric aerosol from data obtained on "deactivated tunnel wall residue". Here, we report experiments in which NO(3)(-) production on the surface of microdroplets exposed to NO(2)(g) for approximately 1 ms is monitored by online thermospray mass spectrometry. NO(2) does not dissolve in deionized water (NO(3)(-) signals below the detection limit) but readily produces NO(3)(-) on aqueous NaX (X = Cl, Br, I) microdroplets with NO(2) uptake coefficients gamma that vary nonmonotonically with electrolyte concentration and peak at gamma(max) approximately 10(-4) for [NaX] approximately 1 mM, which is >10(3) larger than that in neat water. Since I(-) is partially oxidized to I(2)(-) in this process, anions seem to capture NO(2)(g) into X-NO(2)(-) radical anions for further reaction at the air/water interface. By showing that gamma is strongly enhanced by electrolytes, these results resolve outstanding discrepancies between previous measurements in neat water versus NaCl-seeded clouds. They also provide a general mechanism for the heterogeneous conversion of NO(2)(g) to (NO(3)(-) + HONO) on the surface of aqueous media.