Mayr Susanne, Buchner Axel, Dentale Sandra
Department of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Apr;35(2):408-23. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.35.2.408.
Three auditory identification experiments were designed to specify the prime-response retrieval model of negative priming (S. Mayr & A. Buchner, 2006), which assumes that the prime response is retrieved in ignored repetition trials and interferes with probe responding. In Experiment 1, shortly before (in Experiment 1A) or after (in Experiment 1B) the prime, a cue signaled whether participants were to respond (go trials) or not (no-go trials) to the prime. Negative priming was found in either case. A prime-response retrieval effect-an increase in prime response errors to the probe targets of ignored repetition trials-was found for go trials only. In Experiment 2, prime trials with go cues always demanded a response, whereas the response to no-go trials depended on motor discrimination: For left- (right-) hand responses, the response had to be withheld (valid no-go); for right- (left-) hand responses, the response had to be executed (invalid no-go). The prime-response retrieval effect was present only for go and invalid no-go trials. This implies that execution of the prime response is a precondition for prime-response retrieval, whereas a response preparation plan and a response description in task-specific terms are not sufficient.
设计了三项听觉识别实验来明确负启动的启动反应提取模型（S. 迈尔和A. 布赫纳，2006），该模型假定在被忽视的重复试验中启动反应会被提取出来，并干扰探测反应。在实验1中，在启动刺激之前不久（实验1A）或之后（实验1B），一个提示信号表明参与者是要对启动刺激做出反应（执行试验）还是不做出反应（停止试验）。在这两种情况下都发现了负启动。仅在执行试验中发现了启动反应提取效应——对被忽视的重复试验的探测目标的启动反应错误增加。在实验2中，带有执行提示的启动试验总是要求做出反应，而对停止试验的反应取决于动作辨别：对于左手（右手）反应，必须抑制反应（有效停止）；对于右手（左手）反应，必须执行反应（无效停止）。启动反应提取效应仅在执行试验和无效停止试验中出现。这意味着启动反应的执行是启动反应提取的一个前提条件，而特定任务的反应准备计划和反应描述并不充分。
