Buttaccio Daniel R, Hahn Sowon
University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2011 Jul;73(5):1453-66. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0121-y.
In five experiments, we investigated how simple actions (as assessed via a go/no-go task) influence visual search. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants responded (go) when a color name (cue) matched a colored shape (prime), and did not respond (no-go) when they mismatched. Participants then searched a visual array for a tilted line, either embedded within the prime (valid prime) or within a different shape of a different color (invalid prime). For go trials, but not for no-go trials, the validity of the prime influenced search behavior so that faster RTs were observed when the prime was valid as compared with when it was invalid. In Experiment 3, the go/no-go task was based on the shape of the prime. The color of the prime, but not the shape, was re-presented in the search array, and its validity produced a similar pattern as in Experiments 1-2. In Experiment 4, participants responded when the color name and prime mismatched. Reaction times indicated that attentional set had an influence on the validity differences in Experiments 1-3. In Experiment 5, the go/no-go task was based on whether a digit matched a digit appearing within the prime. Go trials produced similar validity effects as observed in Experiments 1-3.
在五项实验中，我们研究了简单动作（通过一个“是/否”任务进行评估）如何影响视觉搜索。在实验1和实验2中，当颜色名称（提示）与彩色形状（启动刺激）匹配时，参与者做出反应（是），当它们不匹配时则不做出反应（否）。然后，参与者在视觉阵列中搜索一条倾斜的线，这条线要么嵌入在启动刺激中（有效启动刺激），要么嵌入在不同颜色的不同形状中（无效启动刺激）。对于“是”试验，而不是“否”试验，启动刺激的有效性会影响搜索行为，因此与无效启动刺激相比，当启动刺激有效时观察到更快的反应时间。在实验3中，“是/否”任务基于启动刺激的形状。启动刺激的颜色而非形状在搜索阵列中再次呈现，其有效性产生了与实验1 - 2中类似的模式。在实验4中，当颜色名称与启动刺激不匹配时，参与者做出反应。反应时间表明，注意定势在实验1 - 3中对有效性差异有影响。在实验5中，“是/否”任务基于一个数字是否与出现在启动刺激中的数字匹配。“是”试验产生了与实验1 - 3中观察到的类似的有效性效应。
