Mtaya Matilda, Brudvik Pongsri, Astrøm Anne Nordrehaug
Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway.
Eur J Orthod. 2009 Oct;31(5):467-76. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjn125. Epub 2009 Mar 31.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, caries experience, and level of oral hygiene in 12- to 14-year-old schoolchildren residing in two socio-economically different districts of Tanzania. A total of 1601 children (mean age 13 years, 60.5 per cent girls) attending 16 primary schools in Kinondoni and Temeke districts participated in a clinical examination and were interviewed in school settings. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression models were used to test for statistically significant differences between different groups. The results showed that 63.8 per cent (62.6 per cent in Kinondoni and 66.0 per cent in Temeke) of the subjects had at least one type of anomaly, with a midline shift (22.5 per cent), spacing of at least 2 mm (21.9 per cent), and an open bite (16.1 per cent) being the most frequently recorded. The majority (93.6 per cent) of the children showed a Class I molar relationship. Class II and Class III malocclusions were registered in 4.4 and 2.0 per cent, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic factors, showed that the odds ratio for having an open bite was 1.8 if residing in a less socio-economically privileged district. Subjects with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DNFT) (>0) were 1.7, 2.1, 2.4, and 1.7, respectively, more likely to be diagnosed with a malocclusion, a midline shift, Angle Class II and III, and an open bite. Schoolchildren with fair/poor oral hygiene were less likely than their counterparts with good oral hygiene to be diagnosed with a midline shift. Malocclusions were prevalent in the Tanzanian children investigated and were associated with environmental factors in terms of caries experience and residing in a less affluent district. Preventive programmes to combat the prevalence of malocclusion are recommended.
本研究旨在评估坦桑尼亚两个社会经济状况不同地区12至14岁学童的错颌畸形患病率及其与社会人口学特征、龋齿经历和口腔卫生水平的关联。共有1601名儿童（平均年龄13岁，60.5%为女孩）参与了位于基农多尼和特梅克地区的16所小学的临床检查，并在学校环境中接受了访谈。采用卡方检验和多元逻辑回归模型来检验不同组之间的统计学显著差异。结果显示，63.8%（基农多尼为62.6%，特梅克为66.0%）的受试者至少有一种异常情况，其中中线偏移（22.5%）、至少2毫米的牙间隙（21.9%）和开颌（16.1%）是最常记录到的。大多数儿童（93.6%）呈现I类磨牙关系。II类和III类错颌畸形的发生率分别为4.4%和2.0%。在控制社会人口学因素后进行的多元逻辑回归分析表明，居住在社会经济条件较差地区的儿童发生开颌的比值比为1.8。患有龋失补牙（DNFT）（>0）的受试者被诊断为错颌畸形、中线偏移、安氏II类和III类以及开颌的可能性分别高出1.7、2.1、2.4和1.7倍。口腔卫生状况一般/较差的学童被诊断为中线偏移的可能性低于口腔卫生良好的同龄人。在所调查的坦桑尼亚儿童中，错颌畸形普遍存在，并且在龋齿经历和居住在较贫困地区方面与环境因素相关。建议开展预防项目以应对错颌畸形的流行情况。
