Simonsen Gunnar Skov
NORM - Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mikrober Avdeling for mikrobiologi og smittevern Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge 9038 Tromsø og Divisjon for smittevern Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2009 Mar 26;129(7):623-7. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.08.0012.
Antimicrobial resistance has become increasingly prevalent in clinically important microbes since the 1970s. The global situation affects also Norway. This article reviews the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Norway and its results in recent years.
The article is based on the author's own experience and a non-systematic literature review.
There are three systems for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Norway: The Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS), the Norwegian Surveillance System for Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (NORM), and the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). Surveillance results and individual studies show that the prevalence of resistance is lower in Norway than in other countries. However, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci and gram-negative enteric bacteria with extended spectrum betalactamases are present within the bacterial population in Norway.
The surveillance systems support each other and are important tools to combat antimicrobial resistance. Continued surveillance, good laboratory diagnostics, prudent antibiotic use and effective infectious disease control are necessary measures to prevent and contain antimicrobial resistance in Norway.
自20世纪70年代以来，抗菌药物耐药性在临床上重要的微生物中日益普遍。全球形势也影响到挪威。本文回顾了挪威抗菌药物耐药性监测及其近年来的结果。
本文基于作者自身经验及非系统性文献综述。
挪威有三个抗菌药物耐药性监测系统：挪威传染病监测系统（MSIS）、挪威抗菌药物耐药性监测系统（NORM）和欧洲抗菌药物耐药性监测系统（EARSS）。监测结果及个别研究表明，挪威的耐药性流行率低于其他国家。然而，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）、对青霉素不敏感的肺炎球菌以及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的革兰氏阴性肠道细菌在挪威的细菌种群中存在。
这些监测系统相互支持，是对抗抗菌药物耐药性的重要工具。持续监测、良好的实验室诊断、谨慎使用抗生素以及有效的传染病控制是挪威预防和控制抗菌药物耐药性的必要措施。
