Tebbetts John B
Aesthet Surg J. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4):456-9. doi: 10.1016/j.asj.2006.06.003.
Both open and closed rhinoplasties involve common processes that are impacted by the choice of approach. Careful analysis is necessary to understand how each approach affects the surgeon's assessment of intrinsic anatomy, limits or expands surgical options, and influences the degree of surgical control. According to the author, any surgeon who performs all rhinoplasties using either an open or closed technique exclusively is likely compromising optimal results in some patients. The relative advantages or disadvantages of the open and closed approaches in specific clinical situations are discussed, with emphasis on the basic principles for achieving optimal results in primary and secondary rhinoplasty.
开放式和封闭式鼻整形术都涉及一些常见的操作过程，而这些过程会受到手术方式选择的影响。必须进行仔细分析，以了解每种手术方式如何影响外科医生对鼻内结构的评估、限制或扩展手术选择，以及影响手术控制程度。据作者称，任何仅使用开放式或封闭式技术进行所有鼻整形手术的外科医生，都可能在某些患者身上无法实现最佳效果。本文讨论了开放式和封闭式手术方式在特定临床情况下的相对优缺点，重点强调了在初次和二次鼻整形术中实现最佳效果的基本原则。
