Coleman Sydney R, Grover Rajiv
Aesthet Surg J. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1S):S4-9. doi: 10.1016/j.asj.2005.09.012.
Facial aging reflects the dynamic, cumulative effects of time on the skin, soft tissues, and deep structural components of the face, and is a complex synergy of skin textural changes and loss of facial volume. Many of the facial manifestations of aging reflect the combined effects of gravity, progressive bone resorption, decreased tissue elasticity, and redistribution of subcutaneous fullness. A convenient method for assessing the morphological effects of aging is to divide the face into the upper third (forehead and brows), middle third (midface and nose), and lower third (chin, jawline, and neck). The midface is an important factor in facial aesthetics because perceptions of facial attractiveness are largely founded on the synergy of the eyes, nose, lips, and cheek bones (central facial triangle). For aesthetic purposes, this area should be considered from a 3-dimensional rather than a 2-dimensional perspective, and restoration of a youthful 3-dimensional facial topography should be regarded as the primary goal in facial rejuvenation. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of nonsurgical procedures performed for facial rejuvenation. Patients seeking alternatives to surgical procedures include those who require restoration of lost facial volume, those who wish to enhance normal facial features, and those who want to correct facial asymmetry. Important factors in selecting a nonsurgical treatment option include the advantages of an immediate cosmetic result and a short recovery time.
面部老化反映了时间对面部皮肤、软组织和深层结构成分的动态累积影响,是皮肤质地变化和面部容量丧失的复杂协同作用。老化的许多面部表现反映了重力、进行性骨吸收、组织弹性降低和皮下丰满度重新分布的综合影响。一种评估老化形态学影响的便捷方法是将面部分为上三分之一(额头和眉毛)、中三分之一(中面部和鼻子)和下三分之一(下巴、下颌缘和颈部)。中面部是面部美学的一个重要因素,因为对面部吸引力的认知很大程度上基于眼睛、鼻子、嘴唇和颧骨(中央面部三角区)的协同作用。出于美学目的,应从三维而非二维角度考虑该区域,恢复年轻的三维面部形态应被视为面部年轻化的主要目标。近年来,用于面部年轻化的非手术治疗数量显著增加。寻求手术替代方案的患者包括那些需要恢复面部流失容量的人、那些希望增强正常面部特征的人以及那些想要矫正面部不对称的人。选择非手术治疗方案的重要因素包括即时美容效果和短恢复时间的优势。