D'Avino Pier Paolo
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
J Cell Sci. 2009 Apr 15;122(Pt 8):1071-9. doi: 10.1242/jcs.034785.
The ingression of a cleavage furrow separates the two daughter cells at the end of cell division. In many organisms this furrow ingression is driven by the assembly and contraction of actomyosin filaments, forming a contractile ring. To achieve a successful cytokinesis, these actomyosin filaments need to be assembled in an organized manner. For this purpose, a network of cytoskeletal proteins is built at the cleavage site to act as a scaffold for actomyosin filaments and to connect them to the plasma membrane. The Drosophila melanogaster protein Anillin, and its related proteins in other organisms, has a pivotal role in the organization of this scaffold in many species, ranging from yeast to humans. Recent studies indicate that Anillin-related proteins interact not only with the structural components of the contractile ring, but also with the signalling factors that control their dynamics. In addition, Drosophila Anillin connects the actomyosin ring to the spindle microtubules through its interaction with the RacGAP component of the centralspindlin complex. Here I review the structures and functions of Anillin and Anillin-related proteins in various model systems, and aim to highlight both the common and distinctive features of these essential organizers of the molecular machinery that drives furrow ingression.
在细胞分裂末期，分裂沟的内陷将两个子细胞分开。在许多生物体中，这种沟的内陷是由肌动球蛋白丝的组装和收缩驱动的，形成一个收缩环。为了实现成功的胞质分裂，这些肌动球蛋白丝需要以有组织的方式组装。为此，在分裂位点构建了一个细胞骨架蛋白网络，作为肌动球蛋白丝的支架，并将它们连接到质膜上。果蝇中的缢缩蛋白以及其他生物体中的相关蛋白，在从酵母到人类的许多物种中，对这个支架的组织起着关键作用。最近的研究表明，缢缩蛋白相关蛋白不仅与收缩环的结构成分相互作用，还与控制其动态的信号因子相互作用。此外，果蝇缢缩蛋白通过与中央纺锤体复合物的RacGAP成分相互作用，将肌动球蛋白环连接到纺锤体微管上。在这里，我回顾了缢缩蛋白和缢缩蛋白相关蛋白在各种模型系统中的结构和功能，旨在突出这些驱动沟内陷的分子机制的重要组织者的共同和独特特征。
