Meier R
Abteilung für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Ernährung, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Liestal, Liestal.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2009 Apr 1;98(7):395-401. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157.98.7.395.
Symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea are often associated with the ingestion of lactose, fructose or gluten containing nutrients. The prevalence of lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption and celiac sprue is quite high. If the symptoms are interpreted in the right way, the diagnosis and the treatment are easy. The ingestion of lactose or fructose containing food leads only to unpleasant symptoms, but in gluten sensitive patients an inflammation and destruction of the small intestinal mucosa develops. The consequences are an impaired absorption of macro- and micronutrients with their specific symptoms. The patients with lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption can avoid the symptoms if they stick to a low lactose or fructose containing diet. On the other hand, patients with celiac sprue need a life-long gluten-free diet to heal the mucosa, to ameliorate the symptoms and to avoid relapses.
腹痛、腹胀和腹泻等症状通常与摄入含乳糖、果糖或麸质的营养物质有关。乳糖不耐受、果糖吸收不良和乳糜泻的患病率相当高。如果对症状进行正确解读，诊断和治疗都很容易。摄入含乳糖或果糖的食物只会导致不适症状，但对于麸质敏感的患者，会发展为小肠黏膜的炎症和破坏。其后果是大量营养素和微量营养素吸收受损，并伴有特定症状。乳糖不耐受和果糖吸收不良的患者如果坚持低乳糖或低果糖饮食，就可以避免这些症状。另一方面，乳糜泻患者需要终身无麸质饮食来治愈黏膜、缓解症状并避免复发。
