Gutiérrez José María, Lomonte Bruno, León Guillermo, Alape-Girón Alberto, Flores-Díaz Marietta, Sanz Libia, Angulo Yamileth, Calvete Juan J
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
J Proteomics. 2009 Mar 6;72(2):165-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.01.008. Epub 2009 Jan 21.
Snakebite envenoming represents a neglected tropical disease that has a heavy public health impact, particularly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. A global initiative, aimed at increasing antivenom production and accessibility, is being promoted by the World Health Organization and others. This work discusses several aspects of antivenom manufacture and control in which the proteomic analysis of snake venoms, for which the term 'snake venomics' has been coined, might play a relevant supporting role. Snake venomics has already shown its usefulness for generating knowledge at different levels (ontogenetic, individual, and geographic) on inter- and intraspecies venom variability. This information has applications for the quality control of venom preparations used in antivenom manufacture. Moreover, the design of the best venom mixtures for immunization, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of antivenoms, may also be guided by venom proteome analysis, including molecular studies of the cross-reactivity of antivenoms and heterologous venoms through a recently developed methodological approach termed 'antivenomics'. Results generated by proteomic protocols should be complemented by preclinical testing of antivenom efficacy using functional neutralization assays. Snake venomics might be also helpful in designing alternative in vitro tests for the assessment of antivenom efficacy that would eventually substitute current in vivo tests.
蛇咬伤中毒是一种被忽视的热带疾病，对公共卫生有严重影响，尤其是在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲。世界卫生组织及其他机构正在推动一项全球倡议，旨在提高抗蛇毒血清的产量和可及性。本文讨论了抗蛇毒血清生产和控制的几个方面，其中蛇毒的蛋白质组学分析（已创造出“蛇毒蛋白质组学”这一术语）可能发挥相关的支持作用。蛇毒蛋白质组学已显示出其在物种间和物种内毒液变异性的不同层面（个体发育、个体和地理层面）生成知识方面的有用性。这些信息可应用于抗蛇毒血清生产中毒液制剂的质量控制。此外，旨在提高抗蛇毒血清有效性的最佳免疫毒液混合物的设计，也可能受到毒液蛋白质组分析的指导，包括通过一种最近开发的名为“抗蛇毒血清蛋白质组学”的方法对抗蛇毒血清和异源毒液交叉反应性进行分子研究。蛋白质组学方案产生的结果应通过使用功能中和试验对抗蛇毒血清疗效进行临床前测试来补充。蛇毒蛋白质组学在设计替代体外试验以评估抗蛇毒血清疗效方面可能也有帮助，最终可替代当前的体内试验。
