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蛇毒组学:基础、最新进展和未来十年展望。

Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade.

机构信息

Venom Research and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Department of Life Science, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

出版信息

Toxins (Basel). 2022 Mar 30;14(4):247. doi: 10.3390/toxins14040247.

Abstract

Venomic research, powered by techniques adapted from proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics, seeks to unravel the diversity and complexity of venom through which knowledge can be applied in the treatment of envenoming, biodiscovery, and conservation. Snake venom proteomics is most extensively studied, but the methods varied widely, creating a massive amount of information which complicates data comparison and interpretation. Advancement in mass spectrometry technology, accompanied by growing databases and sophisticated bioinformatic tools, has overcome earlier limitations of protein identification. The progress, however, remains challenged by limited accessibility to samples, non-standardized quantitative methods, and biased interpretation of -omic data. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable high-throughput venom-gland transcriptomics and genomics, complementing venom proteomics by providing deeper insights into the structural diversity, differential expression, regulation and functional interaction of the toxin genes. Venomic tissue sampling is, however, difficult due to strict regulations on wildlife use and transfer of biological materials in some countries. Limited resources for techniques and funding are among other pertinent issues that impede the progress of venomics, particularly in less developed regions and for neglected species. Genuine collaboration between international researchers, due recognition of regional experts by global organizations (e.g., WHO), and improved distribution of research support, should be embraced.

摘要

毒液学研究借助于从蛋白质组学、转录组学和基因组学中改编而来的技术,旨在揭示毒液的多样性和复杂性,从而将知识应用于毒液中毒的治疗、生物发现和保护。蛇毒蛋白质组学的研究最为广泛,但方法差异很大,产生了大量信息,这使得数据比较和解释变得复杂。质谱技术的进步,伴随着不断增长的数据库和复杂的生物信息学工具,克服了早期蛋白质鉴定的限制。然而,进展仍然受到样本获取有限、定量方法不标准化以及对组学数据的有偏见解释等因素的挑战。下一代测序(NGS)技术可实现高通量的毒液腺转录组学和基因组学,通过提供对毒素基因结构多样性、差异表达、调控和功能相互作用的更深入了解,补充了毒液蛋白质组学。然而,由于一些国家对野生动物使用和生物材料转移的严格规定,毒液学组织采样具有一定难度。技术和资金的有限资源是阻碍毒液学进展的其他相关问题之一,特别是在欠发达地区和被忽视的物种中。国际研究人员之间的真正合作、全球组织(如世界卫生组织)对区域专家的认可以及研究支持的更好分配,都应该被采纳。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3c53/9028316/526135ad9e73/toxins-14-00247-g003.jpg

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