Ravussin Eric, Redman Leanne M
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2009;63:135-46; discussion 147-50, 259-68. doi: 10.1159/000209978.
The focus here is on research involving long-term calorie restriction (CR) to prevent or delay the incidence of the metabolic syndrome with age. The current societal environment is marked by overabundant accessibility of food coupled with a strong trend to reduced physical activity, both leading to the development of a constellation of disorders including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension (metabolic syndrome). Prolonged CR has been shown to extend median and maximal lifespan in a variety of lower species (yeast, worms, fish, rats, and mice). Mechanisms of this lifespan extension by CR are not fully elucidated, but possibly involve alterations in energy metabolism, oxidative damage, insulin sensitivity, and functional changes in neuroendocrine systems. Ongoing studies of CR in humans now makes it possible to identify changes in 'biomarkers of aging' to unravel some of the mechanisms of its anti-aging phenomenon. Analyses from controlled human trials involving long-term CR will allow investigators to link observed alterations from body composition down to changes in molecular pathways and gene expression, with their possible effects on the metabolic syndrome and aging.
这里的重点是关于长期热量限制（CR）的研究，以预防或延缓随着年龄增长代谢综合征的发生。当前的社会环境特点是食物极易获取，同时体力活动有明显减少的趋势，这两者都导致了一系列疾病的发展，包括中心性肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和高血压（代谢综合征）。长期热量限制已被证明能延长多种低等物种（酵母、蠕虫、鱼类、大鼠和小鼠）的平均寿命和最大寿命。热量限制延长寿命的机制尚未完全阐明，但可能涉及能量代谢、氧化损伤、胰岛素敏感性的改变以及神经内分泌系统的功能变化。目前对人类进行的热量限制研究使得识别“衰老生物标志物”的变化成为可能，从而揭示其抗衰老现象的一些机制。来自涉及长期热量限制的人体对照试验的分析将使研究人员能够将观察到的从身体组成的改变一直到分子途径和基因表达的变化联系起来，以及它们对代谢综合征和衰老可能产生的影响。
