Góes C A, Lins-Oliveira J E
Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2009 Feb;69(1):143-8. doi: 10.1590/s1519-69842009000100018.
The natural diet of the spiny lobster (Panulirus echinatus) from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago was determined by stomach contents analysis of sixty-eight adult lobsters collected during October 2002, March, July and August 2003. Food items were grouped by gross taxa representing 11 food categories. Analysis included a qualitative (Frequency of Occurrence of item i--FOi) and a quantitative method (Volume of item i--Vi). A Feed Index (FI = FOi x Vi / 100) proposed by Lauzanne (1975) was also used to indicate the importance of each food category (> 50: dominant, 25-50: essential, 10-25: unimportant, < 10: secondary). The most important food category determined by % FOi and % Vi, was fish, followed by crustaceans, green algae, calcareous algae, and rocks. The remaining food categories contributed to less than 30% of FOi and 10% of Vi. Although the Feed Index revealed no dominant food category in the diet of P. echinatus, fish was considered essential, crustaceans unimportant, and the remaining food categories were classified as secondary. According to the analysis, P. echinatus can be properly classified as an omnivorous and a generalist species, because it consumes a great diversity of organisms in several trophic levels. This species presents an opportunistic behaviour, feeding on the prey available at substratum. Future studies should address variations in natural diet related to sex, reproductive cycle, and seasonality.
通过对2002年10月、2003年3月、7月和8月采集的68只成年龙虾的胃内容物进行分析，确定了圣佩德罗和圣保罗群岛多棘龙虾（Panulirus echinatus）的自然饮食。食物项目按大致分类进行分组，代表11个食物类别。分析包括定性方法（项目i的出现频率——FOi）和定量方法（项目i的体积——Vi）。还采用了Lauzanne（1975年）提出的饲料指数（FI = FOi×Vi / 100）来表明每个食物类别的重要性（> 50：占主导地位，25 - 50：必不可少，10 - 25：不重要，< 10：次要）。由FOi百分比和Vi百分比确定的最重要食物类别是鱼类，其次是甲壳类动物、绿藻、钙质藻类和岩石。其余食物类别在FOi中所占比例不到30%，在Vi中所占比例不到10%。尽管饲料指数显示在多棘龙虾的饮食中没有占主导地位的食物类别，但鱼类被认为是必不可少的，甲壳类动物不重要，其余食物类别被归类为次要。根据分析，多棘龙虾可被恰当地归类为杂食性和广食性物种，因为它在几个营养级中消耗多种生物。该物种表现出机会主义行为，以底层可得的猎物为食。未来的研究应关注与性别、繁殖周期和季节性相关的自然饮食变化。
