Fischhoff David A, Cline Molly N
Monsanto, St. louis, MO, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2009;513:305-20. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-427-8_16.
Although new technologies in genomics are powerful tools for discovering genes and gaining insight into their function, discovery of a gene itself does not ensure its practical application. Commercialization of transgenic crop plants has now taken place for more than a decade. Plant biotechnology, which can be seen as an extension of traditional plant breeding for crop improvement, offers one way to boost food, feed, fiber, and fuel production and has provided significant environmental and economic benefits. Like plant breeding, biotechnology introduces new traits with specific benefits into plants, and does so in a selective, precise, and controlled manner. Several steps are necessary before commercializing a crop with a biotechnology trait, including not only gene discovery and product development but also regulatory clearance, stewardship evaluation, and stakeholder dialogue. Examples will be drawn from the work at Monsanto on the development and commercialization of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which is representative of the first wave of agronomic traits.
尽管基因组学中的新技术是发现基因并深入了解其功能的强大工具，但发现一个基因本身并不能确保其实际应用。转基因作物的商业化已经进行了十多年。植物生物技术可以被视为传统作物改良育种的延伸，它提供了一种提高粮食、饲料、纤维和燃料产量的途径，并带来了显著的环境和经济效益。与植物育种一样，生物技术以一种选择性、精确和可控的方式将具有特定益处的新性状引入植物。在将具有生物技术性状的作物商业化之前，需要几个步骤，不仅包括基因发现和产品开发，还包括监管批准、管理评估和与利益相关者的对话。将从孟山都公司开发和商业化抗草甘膦大豆的工作中举例说明，这代表了第一波农艺性状。
