Van Hiel Alain, Vansteenkiste Maarten
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2009;68(1):27-51. doi: 10.2190/AG.68.1.b.
The present research examined the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic goal attainment on older adults' ego-integrity, psychological well-being, and death attitudes. Hypotheses were derived from Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000; Vansteenkiste, Ryan, & Deci, in press). Study 1 (N = 202, Mean age = 68.2 years) indicated that, after controlling for extrinsic goal attainment, intrinsic goal attainment contributed positively to subjective well-being and ego-integrity and negatively to despair, whereas extrinsic goal attainment was unrelated to psychological health and contributed positively to despair. Study 2 (N = 213, Mean age = 75.2 years) replicated and extended these results, showing that intrinsic goal attainment contributed to the acceptance of one's own death, lower ill-being, and less death anxiety, whereas extrinsic goal attainment was negatively associated with death acceptance. It is argued that the attainment of intrinsic goals is related to better psychological health, because intrinsic goals are more conducive to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs.
本研究考察了内在和外在目标的实现对老年人自我整合、心理健康和死亡态度的影响。研究假设源自自我决定理论（SDT；Deci & Ryan，2000；Vansteenkiste、Ryan & Deci，即将发表）。研究1（N = 202，平均年龄 = 68.2岁）表明，在控制了外在目标的实现后，内在目标的实现对主观幸福感和自我整合有积极贡献，对绝望感有消极贡献，而外在目标的实现与心理健康无关，对绝望感有积极贡献。研究2（N = 213，平均年龄 = 75.2岁）重复并扩展了这些结果，表明内在目标的实现有助于接受自己的死亡、降低不适和减少死亡焦虑，而外在目标的实现与死亡接受呈负相关。有人认为，内在目标的实现与更好的心理健康有关，因为内在目标更有利于满足基本心理需求。
