Niemiec Christopher P, Ryan Richard M, Deci Edward L
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester.
J Res Pers. 2009 Jun;73(3):291-306. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.09.001.
Life goals, or aspirations, organize and direct behavior over extended periods of time. The present study, guided by self-determination theory, examined the consequences of pursuing and attaining aspirations over a one-year period in a post-college sample. Results indicated that placing importance on either intrinsic or extrinsic aspirations related positively to attainment of those goals. Yet, whereas attainment of intrinsic aspirations related positively to psychological health, attainment of extrinsic aspirations did not; indeed, attainment of extrinsic aspirations related positively to indicators of ill-being. Also as predicted, the association between change in attainment of intrinsic aspirations and change in psychological health was mediated by change in the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Discussion focuses on the idea that not all goal attainment is beneficial; rather, attainment of aspirations with different contents relates differentially to psychological health.
人生目标，即抱负，在较长时期内组织并引导行为。本研究以自我决定理论为指导，考察了大学毕业后的样本在一年时间里追求和实现抱负的后果。结果表明，重视内在或外在抱负都与这些目标的实现呈正相关。然而，实现内在抱负与心理健康呈正相关，而实现外在抱负则不然；事实上，实现外在抱负与幸福感指标呈正相关。同样如预期的那样，内在抱负实现的变化与心理健康变化之间的关联是由自主、能力和人际关系等基本心理需求满意度的变化所介导的。讨论集中在这样一个观点上，即并非所有目标的实现都是有益的；相反，实现不同内容的抱负与心理健康的关系各不相同。
