Ginter E, Simko V
Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2008;109(12):590-4.
The effects of alcoholic beverages on the cardiovascular system can take opposite forms, depending on how much of ethanol is consumed. The negative effects of alcoholism are well established. Alcoholism is a cause of cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension. The best argument is the situation of Russian Federation where extremely high alcohol consumption caused very high ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality both in male and female population. On the other side there are also many proofs of health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in USA has completed an extensive review of current scientific knowledge about the health effects of moderate alcohol consumption: the lowest death rate from all causes occurs at the level of one drink per day. Moderate drinkers have the greatest longevity. Higher serum levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in moderate alcohol drinkers are associated with reduced risk for the development of atherosclerotic disease. HDL particles are believed to be antiatherogenic due to their capacity to drive reverse cholesterol transport and to antagonize pathways of inflammation, thrombosis, and oxidation (Fig. 4, Ref. 34). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
酒精饮料对心血管系统的影响可能呈现相反的形式，这取决于乙醇的摄入量。酗酒的负面影响已得到充分证实。酗酒是导致心肌病、心律失常和高血压的一个原因。最有力的例证是俄罗斯联邦的情况，那里极高的酒精消费量导致男性和女性人群中缺血性心脏病和中风的死亡率都非常高。另一方面，也有许多证据表明适度饮酒对健康有益。美国国立酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所对当前有关适度饮酒对健康影响的科学知识进行了广泛综述：全因死亡率最低的情况出现在每天饮用一杯酒的水平。适度饮酒者的寿命最长。适度饮酒者中较高的高密度脂蛋白（HDL）血清水平与动脉粥样硬化疾病发生风险降低相关。HDL颗粒被认为具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用，因为它们能够驱动胆固醇逆向转运，并拮抗炎症、血栓形成和氧化途径（图4，参考文献34）。全文（免费，PDF）www.bmj.sk
