Friedman H S
Alcohol. 1984 Jul-Aug;1(4):333-9. doi: 10.1016/0741-8329(84)90057-0.
Alcohol has acute and chronic cardiovascular effects. Acutely, alcohol depresses cardiac function and alters regional blood flow. Even when withdrawn from alcohol for several days, alcoholics may still manifest evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. In some alcoholics a severe muscle disorder may ensue with the clinical features of a dilated cardiomyopathy. The concomitant presence of a thiamine deficiency or cirrhosis may produce hemodynamic changes that can obscure the clinical features of alcohol-induced heart muscle disease. Alcoholics may also develop acute myocardial infarction with patent coronary arteries; some may have cardiac arrhythmias even without other evidence of heart disease. Although epidemiological studies suggest that moderate users of alcohol have fewer coronary events than teetotalers, such studies also demonstrate a relation between alcohol abuse and hypertension and an increased occurrence of coronary disease. Thus, the injurious cardiovascular effects of alcohol must be considered when establishing recommendations for its use.
酒精对心血管系统有急性和慢性影响。急性情况下，酒精会抑制心脏功能并改变局部血流。即使戒酒数天，酗酒者仍可能表现出左心室功能障碍的迹象。一些酗酒者可能会出现严重的肌肉疾病，伴有扩张型心肌病的临床特征。同时存在硫胺素缺乏或肝硬化可能会产生血流动力学变化，从而掩盖酒精性心肌病的临床特征。酗酒者还可能在冠状动脉通畅的情况下发生急性心肌梗死；一些人即使没有其他心脏病证据也可能出现心律失常。尽管流行病学研究表明，适量饮酒者比戒酒者发生冠心病事件的几率更低，但此类研究也表明酒精滥用与高血压之间存在关联，且冠心病的发生率会增加。因此，在制定酒精使用建议时，必须考虑其对心血管系统的有害影响。
