Okada Hideho, Kohanbash Gary, Zhu Xinmei, Kastenhuber Edward R, Hoji Aki, Ueda Ryo, Fujita Mitsugu
Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Crit Rev Immunol. 2009;29(1):1-42. doi: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v29.i1.10.
The development of effective immunotherapy strategies for glioma requires adequate understanding of the unique immunological microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) and CNS tumors. Although the CNS is often considered to be an immunologically privileged site and poses unique challenges for the delivery of effector cells and molecules, recent advances in technology and discoveries in CNS immunology suggest novel mechanisms that may significantly improve the efficacy of immunotherapy against gliomas. In this review, we first summarize recent advances in the CNS and CNS tumor immunology. We address factors that may promote immune escape of gliomas. We also review advances in passive and active immunotherapy strategies for glioma, with an emphasis on lessons learned from recent early-phase clinical trials. We also discuss novel immunotherapy strategies that have been recently tested in non-CNS tumors and show great potential for application to gliomas. Finally, we discuss how each of these promising strategies can be combined to achieve clinical benefit for patients with gliomas.
开发有效的胶质瘤免疫治疗策略需要充分了解中枢神经系统（CNS）和CNS肿瘤独特的免疫微环境。尽管CNS通常被认为是免疫特权部位，并且在效应细胞和分子的递送方面带来独特挑战，但技术的最新进展和CNS免疫学的发现提示了可能显著提高胶质瘤免疫治疗疗效的新机制。在本综述中，我们首先总结CNS和CNS肿瘤免疫学的最新进展。我们探讨可能促进胶质瘤免疫逃逸的因素。我们还回顾了胶质瘤被动和主动免疫治疗策略的进展，重点是从近期早期临床试验中吸取的经验教训。我们还讨论了最近在非CNS肿瘤中进行测试并显示出应用于胶质瘤巨大潜力的新型免疫治疗策略。最后，我们讨论如何将这些有前景的策略中的每一种进行组合，以实现胶质瘤患者的临床获益。
