The effect of short-term isometric muscle contraction and the Valsalva maneuver on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with severe heart failure.

BACKGROUND

Chronic heart failure is characterized by high mortality, frequent hospitalization, and reduced quality of life. Patients with severe heart failure are often in very poor physical condition, they are unable to take part in the usual exercise programs, and therefore need an individual approach.

HYPOTHESIS

To assess the systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to maximum voluntary contraction of the lower extremity muscles (MVC-LEM) with persistent physiologic breathing, the Valsalva maneuver, and the combination of Valsalva with MVC-LEM.

METHODS

Seventeen patients with severe heart failure (ejection fraction 20%) were exposed to 3 types of load for a period of 10 seconds: 1) MVC-LEM with persistent physiologic breathing, 2) the Valsalva maneuver, and 3) a combination of MVC-LEM with the Valsalva maneuver. During each measurement, a continuous, time-synchronized record was taken of the electrocardiogram, and the pulmonary and systemic blood pressures.

RESULTS

There were slight changes in the heart rate and systemic blood pressure when comparing resting versus MVC-LEM values. There were much greater and significant changes (P < .01) in the systemic and pulmonary blood pressures when comparing resting versus the Valsalva maneuver or the combination of the MVC-LEM plus the Valsalva maneuver values.

CONCLUSIONS

A short maximum voluntary contraction of the muscles of the lower extremities with persistent physiologic breathing did not have an abnormal effect on the systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with severe chronic heart failure. The Valsalva maneuver caused significantly higher hemodynamic changes in the systemic and pulmonary system with possible negative effects.