Derrick Donald, Anderson Peter, Gick Bryan, Green Sheldon
Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia, Totem Field Studios, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Apr;125(4):2272-81. doi: 10.1121/1.3081496.
Three dimensional large eddy simulations, microphone "pop" measurements, and high-speed videos of the airflow and lip opening associated with the syllable "pa" are presented. In the simulations, the mouth is represented by a narrow static ellipse with a back pressure dropping to 110th of its initial value within 60 ms of the release. The simulations show a jet penetration rate that falls within range of the pressure front of microphone pop. The simulations and high-speed video experiments were within 20% agreement after 40 ms, with the video experiments showing a slower penetration rate than the simulations during the first 40 ms. Kinematic measurements indicate that rapid changes in lip geometry during the first 40 ms underlie this discrepancy. These findings will be useful for microphone manufacturers, sound engineers, and researchers in speech aerodynamics modeling and articulatory speech synthesis.
本文展示了与音节“pa”相关的三维大涡模拟、麦克风“噗”声测量以及气流和唇张开的高速视频。在模拟中，嘴巴由一个狭窄的静态椭圆表示，背压在释放后60毫秒内降至其初始值的1/10。模拟显示射流穿透率处于麦克风“噗”声压力前沿的范围内。在40毫秒后，模拟和高速视频实验的结果一致性在20%以内，视频实验在前40毫秒内显示出比模拟更慢的穿透率。运动学测量表明，前40毫秒内嘴唇几何形状的快速变化是造成这种差异的原因。这些发现将对麦克风制造商、声音工程师以及语音空气动力学建模和发音语音合成方面的研究人员有用。
