Loffroy Romaric, Guiu Boris, Cercueil Jean-Pierre, Krausé Denis
Division of Interventional Radiology and Endovascular Therapy, University of Dijon School of Medicine, Bocage Teaching Hospital, Dijon, France.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;7(2):250-63. doi: 10.2174/157016109787455617.
Vascular embolisation agents are particles or fluids that can be released into the bloodstream through a catheter to mechanically and/or biologically occlude the target vessel, either temporarily or permanently. This definition excludes vessel-blocking agents or devices such as balloons and coils, which are positioned at the target site, as opposed to released in the bloodstream. Vascular embolisation agents are available as solids, liquids and suspensions. Careful selection of the agent based on the size and calibre of the target vessel ensures that the occlusion is confined to the desired site. In this review, we discuss the 2 main categories of embolisation agents: particles (either non-spherical or microspherical), which are the most widely used; and liquids (glues, gels, sclerosing agents and viscous emulsions). For each agent, we review the characteristics, mechanisms of action, main indications and modalities of use, advantages and drawbacks. The use of embolisation in clinical practice requires a thorough understanding of the behaviour (rheology and vascular topology) and biocompatibility of each agent. To improve the accuracy of targeting, we need new, more sophisticated, bioactive agents, which are being developed.
血管栓塞剂是能够通过导管释放到血流中，以机械方式和/或生物学方式暂时或永久阻塞靶血管的颗粒或液体。该定义不包括诸如球囊和线圈等放置在靶部位而非释放到血流中的血管阻塞剂或装置。血管栓塞剂有固体、液体和混悬液等形式。根据靶血管的大小和管径仔细选择栓塞剂可确保阻塞局限于预期部位。在本综述中，我们讨论栓塞剂的两大主要类别：颗粒（非球形或微球形），这是使用最广泛的；以及液体（胶水、凝胶、硬化剂和粘性乳剂）。对于每种栓塞剂，我们综述其特性、作用机制、主要适应证和使用方式、优缺点。在临床实践中使用栓塞需要全面了解每种栓塞剂的行为（流变学和血管拓扑结构）及生物相容性。为提高靶向准确性，我们需要正在研发的新型、更复杂的生物活性剂。
