Baig Lubna, Mansuri Farah Asad, Karim Saadiya A
Department of Community Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009 Apr;19(4):240-4.
To assess the association of osteopenia and osteoporosis with menopause and compare the health seeking behaviour of women related to menopause in different strata of society.
A cross-sectional study.
Three different socioeconomic strata of Karachi from May till August 2004.
A sample of 925 women, over 35 years of age, was selected from 16 clusters of 250 households (50 houses in each cluster). All apparently healthy women having age between 35 and 50 years were selected in the cluster houses. Those who were not willing to be the part of the study or giving history of taking treatment for any disease for more than 4 weeks were excluded. In-depth interviews were conducted at their houses by the fourth year medical students trained and supervised by the senior faculty of the Medical College. T-scores were calculated to get BMD (Bone Mineral Density) for all the subjects through heel ultrasound.
A total of 287 women were found to be experiencing menopause. The mean age of menopause was 47.8+4.7 years. Out of those 287 women, 135 (47%) wanted their menses to continue and 235 (82%) had consulted a physician after menopause. There was a significantly lower score of BMD of postmenopausal women (mean=-1.833+0.65) compared to pre-menopausal women (mean=-1.597+0.60, p=0.016). Out of the 925 women interviewed, 53% had consulted a physician for various symptoms related to menopause. The symptoms experienced by pre-menopausal women included lack of sleep (25%), fear of becoming sterile (13%) and urinary incontinence (18%).
The average age of menopause was found to be similar to other studies of the country. Lower bone mineral density was found in greater proportion among older females. Majority needed intervention inclusive of awareness through health education and medication.
评估骨质减少和骨质疏松与绝经的关联，并比较不同社会阶层女性与绝经相关的就医行为。
横断面研究。
2004年5月至8月在卡拉奇的三个不同社会经济阶层。
从16个由250户家庭组成的群组（每个群组50户）中选取了925名35岁以上的女性。在群组房屋中选取所有年龄在35至50岁之间、表面健康的女性。那些不愿意参与研究或有超过4周任何疾病治疗史的女性被排除。由医学院高年级教师培训和监督的四年级医学生在她们家中进行深入访谈。通过足跟超声为所有受试者计算T值以获得骨密度（BMD）。
共发现287名女性正在经历绝经。绝经的平均年龄为47.8±4.7岁。在这287名女性中，135名（47%）希望月经继续，235名（82%）在绝经后咨询过医生。绝经后女性的骨密度得分（平均=-1.833±0.65）显著低于绝经前女性（平均=-1.597±0.60，p=0.016）。在接受访谈的925名女性中，53%因与绝经相关的各种症状咨询过医生。绝经前女性经历的症状包括睡眠不足（25%）、害怕不育（13%）和尿失禁（18%）。
发现绝经的平均年龄与该国其他研究相似。老年女性中骨密度较低的比例更高。大多数人需要包括通过健康教育提高认识和药物治疗在内的干预措施。
