Ntandou Gervais, Delisle Hélène, Agueh Victoire, Fayomi Benjamin
TRANSNUT, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Canada.
Nutr Res. 2009 Mar;29(3):180-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.02.001.
This cross-sectional study was designed to verify the hypothesis that there is a positive rural-urban gradient in the overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and that the differences are associated with socioeconomic status, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet quality. A sample of 541 Beninese adults apparently healthy was randomly selected from rural (n = 170), semi-urban (n = 171), and urban (n = 200) areas. The MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. Diet and physical activity were assessed with a 3-day recall. Socioeconomic and additional lifestyle information was obtained during personal interviews. A positive rural-urban gradient (rural to semi-urban to urban) was observed for the overall prevalence of the MetS (4.1%, 6.4%, and 11%, respectively; P = .035), which reflected that of abdominal obesity (28.2%, 41.5%, 52.5%; P < .001) but not for the other prominent features of the MetS, that is, high blood pressure (HBP; 24.1%, 21.6%, and 26.5%; P > .05) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; 25.3%, 18.1%, 37.5%; P < .001). Diet quality and physical activity were higher in rural and semi-urban compared to urban subjects. Physical activity appeared protective for obesity, HBP, and low HDL-C. Micronutrient adequacy was an independent predictor of HDL-C and was associated with a lower likelihood of HBP. Socioeconomic status was positively associated with abdominal obesity only, which was more widespread in women than in men. This study shows that the nutrition transition is ongoing in Benin and suggests that cardiovascular disease risk could be reduced substantially by promoting physical activity and a more adequate diet.
代谢综合征（MetS）及其各组分的总体患病率存在城乡正向梯度差异，且这些差异与社会经济地位、久坐不动的生活方式及不良饮食质量相关。从农村（n = 170）、半城市（n = 171）和城市（n = 200）地区随机抽取了541名表面健康的贝宁成年人作为样本。MetS根据国际糖尿病联盟的标准定义。通过3天饮食回顾评估饮食和身体活动情况。在个人访谈中获取社会经济及其他生活方式信息。观察到MetS的总体患病率存在城乡正向梯度（从农村到半城市再到城市）（分别为4.1%、6.4%和11%；P = 0.035），这反映了腹部肥胖的患病率梯度（28.2%、41.5%、52.5%；P < 0.001），但MetS的其他显著特征并非如此，即高血压（HBP；24.1%、21.6%和26.5%；P > 0.05）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）降低（25.3%、18.1%、37.5%；P < 0.001）。与城市受试者相比，农村和半城市地区的饮食质量和身体活动情况更好。身体活动似乎对肥胖、HBP和低HDL-C具有保护作用。微量营养素充足是HDL-C的独立预测因素，且与较低的HBP发生可能性相关。社会经济地位仅与腹部肥胖呈正相关，腹部肥胖在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。这项研究表明贝宁正在经历营养转型，并表明通过促进身体活动和更合理的饮食可大幅降低心血管疾病风险。
