Srinivasjois Ravisha, Rao Shripada, Patole Sanjay
Department of Neonatology, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Clin Nutr. 2009 Jun;28(3):237-42. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.008. Epub 2009 Apr 9.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Review the efficacy and safety of prebiotic oligosaccharide supplementation of formula in reducing the incidence of NEC and sepsis; study its effect on growth, gut colonisation and stool characteristics in preterm neonates < or =37 weeks.
The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL databases and proceedings of relevant conferences were searched. Only randomised control trials using prebiotic supplemented vs unsupplemented formula milk commenced within 28 days of life and continued for > or =2 weeks were included in the review.
Only one trial reported that NEC did not occur in any of the enrolled neonates. Others did not report on NEC or sepsis. All trials reported anthropometric parameters. Meta-analysis showed no significant effect on weight gain between the two groups. The two trials reporting on stool flora showed a statistically significant increase in bifidobacterial counts in the prebiotic supplemented group (Weighted mean difference (WMD)=0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.73) logCFU/g of stool.
Prebiotic supplemented formula increased stool colony counts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in preterm neonates without adversely affecting weight gain.
回顾在配方奶中添加益生元低聚糖对降低坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）和败血症发病率的有效性及安全性；研究其对孕周≤37周的早产儿生长、肠道定植及粪便特征的影响。
检索Cochrane对照试验中心注册库（CENTRAL）、医学期刊数据库（MEDLINE）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EMBASE）、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）以及相关会议论文集。纳入的综述仅包括在出生28天内开始使用添加益生元与未添加益生元配方奶的随机对照试验，且持续时间≥2周。
仅有一项试验报告称，纳入的新生儿均未发生坏死性小肠结肠炎。其他试验未报告坏死性小肠结肠炎或败血症情况。所有试验均报告了人体测量参数。荟萃分析显示，两组间体重增加无显著差异。两项报告粪便菌群的试验显示，添加益生元组的双歧杆菌计数有统计学显著增加（加权平均差（WMD）=0.53；95%置信区间：0.33，0.73），每克粪便的对数菌落形成单位。
添加益生元的配方奶可增加早产儿粪便中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的菌落计数，且对体重增加无不利影响。
