Frikha M, Safaa H M, Serrano M P, Arbe X, Mateos G G
Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Poult Sci. 2009 May;88(5):994-1002. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00480.
The influence of the main cereal and feed form of the diet on performance and digestive tract traits was studied in 576 brown-egg laying pullets from 1 to 120 d of age. From 1 to 45 d of age, 4 diets arranged factorially with 2 cereals (corn vs. wheat) and 2 feed forms (mash vs. pellets) were used. Each treatment was replicated 6 times (24 pullets per replicate). From 46 to 120 d of age, all diets were offered in mash form and the only difference among diets was the cereal used. Cumulatively, pullets fed the corn diets had higher BW gain (P < 0.05) but similar feed conversion ratio as pullets fed the wheat diets. From 1 to 45 d of age, pullets fed pellets consumed more feed (P < 0.001) and had higher BW gain (P < 0.001) than those fed mash. Most of the beneficial effects of pelleting on productive performance were still evident at 120 d of age. At 45 d of age, gizzard weight (g/kg of BW) was higher (P < 0.01) in pullets fed corn than in pullets fed wheat diets. Feeding pellets reduced the relative weight of the digestive tract and the gizzard (P < 0.001) as well as the length (cm/kg of BW) of the small intestine (P < 0.01) at both ages. The pH of gizzard contents at 120 d of age was not affected by cereal but was lower in pullets that were fed mash from 1 to 45 d of age (P < 0.01). We conclude that wheat can be used in substitution of corn in pullet diets with only a slight reduction in BW gain and that feeding pellets from 1 to 45 d of age increased BW gain and pH of the gizzard and reduced the relative weight of the gizzard and the length of the gastrointestinal tract at 120 d of age.
在576只1至120日龄的褐壳蛋鸡中，研究了日粮中主要谷物和饲料形式对生产性能及消化道性状的影响。1至45日龄时，采用4种日粮，按2种谷物（玉米与小麦）和2种饲料形式（粉料与颗粒料）进行析因排列。每个处理重复6次（每个重复24只鸡）。46至120日龄时，所有日粮均以粉料形式提供，日粮间的唯一差异在于所使用的谷物。总体而言，采食玉米日粮的蛋鸡体重增加更高（P<0.05），但与采食小麦日粮的蛋鸡饲料转化率相似。1至45日龄时，采食颗粒料的蛋鸡比采食粉料的蛋鸡消耗更多饲料（P<0.001）且体重增加更高（P<0.001）。颗粒料对生产性能的大多数有益影响在120日龄时仍很明显。45日龄时，采食玉米日粮的蛋鸡肌胃重量（g/kg体重）高于采食小麦日粮的蛋鸡（P<0.01）。在两个年龄段，饲喂颗粒料均降低了消化道和肌胃的相对重量（P<0.001）以及小肠长度（cm/kg体重）（P<0.01）。120日龄时，肌胃内容物的pH值不受谷物影响，但在1至45日龄采食粉料的蛋鸡中较低（P<0.01）。我们得出结论，在蛋鸡日粮中，小麦可替代玉米，仅使体重增加略有降低，并且1至45日龄饲喂颗粒料可增加体重增加和肌胃pH值，并降低120日龄时肌胃的相对重量和胃肠道长度。
