Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın-Turkey.
General Directorate of Research, Erbeyli Experimental Station, Aydın-Turkey.
Poult Sci. 2019 Sep 1;98(9):4016-4029. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez144.
The influence of the grinding and physical form of diets on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development and nutrient digestibility was studied in layer pullets from hatch to 112 d of age. Diet formed a 2 × 2 factorial with 2 hammer mill screen sizes to grind cereals (4 and 8 mm) and 2 forms (mash and crumble). A total of 864 1-day-old layer chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates (27 birds per replicate). Cumulatively, pullets fed crumbles consumed less feed (P < 0.05) and had better feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.01) than those fed mash. Coarse grinding cereals (CG) improved FCR (P < 0.05) without significant change in cumulative feed consumption compared to that of fine grinding (FG). With regard to body weight gain (BWG), pullets benefited from crumbles from 1 to 56 d of age (P < 0.01). There were interactions (P < 0.05) between screen size and feed form in relation to FCR (1 to 28 d) and overall BWG. At 112 d of age, the relative weight (RW, g/100 g body weight) of the crop, gizzard, pancreas, and liver of crumble-fed birds were lower (P < 0.05) than those for birds fed mash. Pullets fed coarsely ground feed had higher RW of the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, and caecum compared to those fed finely ground feed. Compared to mash feeding, pullets fed crumbles increased (P < 0.05) total tract digestibility of ether extract and crude protein and the activities of pancreatic amylase and lipase. Digestibility of ether extract (P < 0.05) and pancreatic amylase activity (P < 0.01) were higher in birds fed a CG diet than in birds fed the FG regimen. Regarding the nutrition of egg-laying pullets, crumbles might be preferred to mash feed when the main objective is to improve FCR. Data also suggested that cereals used for pullet feed can be ground more coarsely than is in current practice.
本研究旨在探讨饲粮的粉碎和物理形态对从出壳至 112 日龄蛋鸡生长性能、胃肠道（GIT）发育和养分消化率的影响。饲粮采用 2×2 因子设计，2 个因子分别为 2 种锤片粉碎机筛片直径（4 和 8mm）和 2 种物理形态（颗粒料和碎粒料）。共有 864 只 1 日龄蛋鸡随机分配至 4 个处理组中的 1 个，每个处理组设 8 个重复，每个重复 27 只鸡。颗粒料组鸡的耗料量（P＜0.05）和饲料转化率（FCR；P＜0.01）均优于碎粒料组。与细粉碎相比，粗粉碎提高了 FCR（P＜0.05），但对累积采食量没有显著影响。就体重增重（BWG）而言，1 至 56 日龄时颗粒料组鸡受益于颗粒料（P＜0.01）。在 FCR（1 至 28 日龄）和总体 BWG 方面，筛片直径和饲粮形态之间存在互作（P＜0.05）。112 日龄时，颗粒料组鸡的嗉囊、肌胃、胰腺和肝脏相对重量（RW，g/100g 体重）低于碎粒料组（P＜0.05）。与细粉碎饲粮相比，粗粉碎饲粮组鸡的嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃、肝脏和盲肠的 RW 更高。与颗粒料相比，碎粒料提高了蛋鸡的总能、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的全肠道消化率以及胰腺淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。与细粉碎饲粮相比，颗粒料组鸡的粗脂肪和胰腺淀粉酶活性（P＜0.01）更高。当主要目标是提高 FCR 时，颗粒料可能优于碎粒料。研究数据还表明，与目前的实践相比，蛋鸡用饲粮中的谷物可以更粗地粉碎。
