Akerström Andreas, Forsum Asa, Rumpunen Kimmo, Jäderlund Anders, Bång Ulla
Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Apr 22;57(8):3340-5. doi: 10.1021/jf8037743.
Vaccinium myrtillus berries (bilberries) contain antioxidants, in particular anthocyanins, which are secondary metabolites that have proven health-promoting effects. Bilberries were collected at the Svartberget research forest in northern Sweden from plots with no, low, and high applications of NH(4)NO(3) on three replicated dates in each year from 2005-2007, and their anthocyanidin contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Their mean total anthocyanidin contents were 9.0, 6.2, and 22.7 mg/g DW in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. The values were significantly higher in 2005 than in 2006 and significantly higher in 2007 than in both previous years, across all three sampling dates. In addition, anthocyanidin contents were significantly affected by sampling date in all years (P < 0.001); they were linearly correlated with the thermal sum in 2005 and 2007 but rose between the first and second sampling occasions and subsequently declined in 2006. No significant effect of nitrogen fertilization on total anthocyanidin levels was detected in any of the studied years. The results indicate that climatic factors and yearly fluctuations influence anthocyanidin biosynthesis and degradation more strongly than nitrogen availability. To our knowledge, this is the first time this effect of sampling time on anthocyanins in mature bilberries has been shown.
欧洲越橘浆果（越橘）含有抗氧化剂，尤其是花青素，花青素是已被证明具有促进健康作用的次生代谢产物。2005年至2007年期间，每年在瑞典北部的斯瓦特贝里研究森林中，于三个重复日期从施用不同量硝酸铵（NH₄NO₃）的地块采集越橘，这些地块分别为未施肥、低施肥量和高施肥量地块，然后通过高效液相色谱法分析其花青素含量。2005年、2006年和2007年其平均总花青素含量分别为9.0、6.2和22.7毫克/克干重。在所有三个采样日期中，2005年的值显著高于2006年，2007年的值显著高于前两年。此外，所有年份的采样日期均对花青素含量有显著影响（P < 0.001）；2005年和2007年花青素含量与积温呈线性相关，但在2006年，花青素含量在第一次和第二次采样期间上升，随后下降。在任何研究年份中均未检测到氮肥对总花青素水平有显著影响。结果表明，气候因素和年度波动对花青素生物合成和降解的影响比氮素供应更为强烈。据我们所知，这是首次表明采样时间对成熟越橘中花青素的这种影响。
