Maksimović Milos, Ristić Gordana, Maksimović Jadranka, Backović Dusan, Vuković Sladjana, Ille Tatjana, Milović Vladan
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2009 Jan-Feb;137(1-2):58-62. doi: 10.2298/sarh0902058m.
In the last two decades, an increase in obesity along with a number of co-morbidities has been recorded among children and adolescents.
The aim was to investigate if there was a difference in nutritional status between adolescents who were active sportsmen and those who did not engage in sport activities other than regular physical activities at school and if active training could be an independent factor in the prevention of obesity.
There were 117 male adolescents on average aged 15.4 +/- 1.8 years. The subjects were divided into two groups; 32 active sportsmen engaged in regular training in football and a control group consisting of 85 adolescents engaged in no physical activity except for that at school (two hours per week). In all subjects Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined. The percentage of the total body fat was estimated from the sum of values of skin fold thickness measured at four sites (according to Durnin and Womersley). Lean Body Mass (LBM) was estimated by deducting the triceps skin fold from the upper arm circumference and comparing it to the norms. All collected data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods: chi2-test, t-test.
Adolescent sportsmen showed a statistically significantly lower BMI and percentage of total body fat than the adolescents in the control group (p < 0.01). A significantly higher LBM was found in the sportsmen (p < 0.01).
Active participation in sports can be a contributing factor in the prevention of obesity, and it is therefore recommended to combine regular physical activities with an adequate diet. BMI screening of general population can indicate a high number of children and adolescents at risk for obesity or who are already obese.
在过去二十年中，儿童和青少年肥胖率上升，同时伴有多种合并症。
旨在调查积极参加体育运动的青少年与除学校常规体育活动外不参加其他体育活动的青少年在营养状况上是否存在差异，以及积极训练是否可能是预防肥胖的独立因素。
共有117名平均年龄为15.4±1.8岁的男性青少年。研究对象分为两组；32名积极参加体育运动的青少年定期进行足球训练，对照组由85名除学校体育活动（每周两小时）外不参加任何体育活动的青少年组成。测定所有研究对象的体重指数（BMI）。根据杜宁和沃姆斯利的方法，通过测量四个部位的皮褶厚度总和来估算体脂百分比。通过上臂围减去三头肌皮褶厚度并与标准值比较来估算去脂体重（LBM）。所有收集的数据均采用描述性和分析性统计方法进行分析：卡方检验、t检验。
青少年运动员的BMI和体脂百分比在统计学上显著低于对照组青少年（p<0.01）。运动员的去脂体重显著更高（p<0.01）。
积极参与体育运动可能是预防肥胖的一个促成因素，因此建议将常规体育活动与合理饮食相结合。对普通人群进行BMI筛查可以发现大量有肥胖风险或已经肥胖的儿童和青少年。
