Milacic S
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Radiological Protection, Belgrade, Serbia.
J BUON. 2009 Jan-Mar;14(1):85-91.
To investigate the possibility of using the granulocytes' enzymes alkaline phosphatase (L-ALP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as biomarkers to study and analyse contamination of nuclear medicine personnel working with radionuclides (RN) when radiotoxic effects are very low, before occupational radiation illness or benign haematological disorders and malignant diseases have occurred. Also, to investigate the relationship between chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and the activity of L-ALP and MPO in neutrophil granulocytes (NphG).
The absorbed external doses of ionizing radiation (IR) were measured by thermoluminescent personal dosimeters (TLD) for the duration of occupational exposure (DOE). Urine radioactivity was measured by gamma- spectrometry. Venous blood was used for leukocyte count and search for chromosomal aberrations by conventional cytogenetic techniques. Blood smears were stained for L-ALP and MPO using a modified Kaplow's method and the classical method with benzidine dihydrochloride, respectively. The occupationally exposed group (E) consisted of 74 workers exposed to short-life radioactive isotopes I131 (beta and mostly gamma emission) and mTc99 (gamma emission). The control group (C) consisted of 52 subjects living in the same region, working in the same institution, occupationally not exposed to RN. A patients' group (P; n=31) took I131 or mTc99 for diagnostic purposes.
Although the measured values did not exceed the yearly quota for professionally exposed individuals, characteristic chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes (dicentrics, fragments, rings) were identified. L-ALP and MPO activity was inhibited in the NphG in occupationally exposed workers, especially in persons with chromosomal aberrations, working for a long time in ionizing radiations zones (p <0.01).
Decreased activity of L-ALP and MPO can reveal effects of long-lasting exposure to low-dose IR. A significant relationship between chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and activity of the enzymes in granulocytes was found.
研究在职业辐射病、良性血液系统疾病和恶性疾病发生之前，当放射毒性作用非常低时，利用粒细胞的碱性磷酸酶（L-ALP）和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）作为生物标志物来研究和分析从事放射性核素（RN）工作的核医学人员的污染情况。此外，研究淋巴细胞染色体畸变与中性粒细胞（NphG）中L-ALP和MPO活性之间的关系。
在职业暴露期间（DOE），通过热释光个人剂量计（TLD）测量电离辐射（IR）的外照射吸收剂量。通过γ能谱法测量尿液放射性。采集静脉血进行白细胞计数，并采用传统细胞遗传学技术寻找染色体畸变。分别使用改良的卡普洛方法和含盐酸联苯胺的经典方法对血涂片进行L-ALP和MPO染色。职业暴露组（E）由74名接触短寿命放射性同位素I131（β发射且主要为γ发射）和mTc99（γ发射）的工人组成。对照组（C）由52名居住在同一地区、在同一机构工作且职业上未接触RN的受试者组成。患者组（P；n = 31）因诊断目的服用I131或mTc99。
尽管测量值未超过职业暴露个体的年度配额，但在外周血淋巴细胞中发现了特征性的染色体畸变（双着丝粒、片段、环状）。职业暴露工人的NphG中L-ALP和MPO活性受到抑制，尤其是在染色体畸变的个体中，这些个体在电离辐射区域长期工作（p <0.01）。
L-ALP和MPO活性降低可揭示长期低剂量IR暴露的影响。发现淋巴细胞染色体畸变与粒细胞中酶活性之间存在显著关系。
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