Hall-Stoodley Luanne, Stoodley Paul
Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
Cell Microbiol. 2009 Jul;11(7):1034-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01323.x. Epub 2009 Apr 6.
Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation. Biofilms are usually defined as surface-associated microbial communities, surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Biofilm formation has been demonstrated for numerous pathogens and is clearly an important microbial survival strategy. However, outside of dental plaques, fewer reports have investigated biofilm development in clinical samples. Typically biofilms are found in chronic diseases that resist host immune responses and antibiotic treatment and these characteristics are often cited for the ability of bacteria to persist in vivo. This review examines some recent attempts to examine the biofilm phenotype in vivo and discusses the challenges and implications for defining a biofilm phenotype.
几种与慢性感染相关的病原体，包括囊性纤维化肺炎中的铜绿假单胞菌、慢性中耳炎中的流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌、慢性鼻窦炎中的金黄色葡萄球菌以及复发性尿路感染中的肠道致病性大肠杆菌，都与生物膜形成有关。生物膜通常被定义为与表面相关的微生物群落，被细胞外聚合物（EPS）基质包围。许多病原体都已证明会形成生物膜，这显然是一种重要的微生物生存策略。然而，除了牙菌斑外，较少有报告研究临床样本中的生物膜形成。通常生物膜存在于抵抗宿主免疫反应和抗生素治疗的慢性疾病中，这些特性常被认为是细菌在体内持续存在的能力。本综述探讨了一些最近在体内研究生物膜表型的尝试，并讨论了定义生物膜表型所面临的挑战和意义。
