Warburton Darren E R, Katzmarzyk Peter T, Rhodes Ryan E, Shephard Roy J
Programme de médecine expérimentale, Centre Osborne, Unité II, 6108, boul. Thunderbird, Laboratoire de physiologie et de réadaptation cardiovasculaires, Université de la Colombie-Britanique, Vancouver, CB V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007;32 Suppl 2F:S17-74. doi: 10.1139/H07-168.
This review of the literature provides an update on the scientific biological and psychosocial bases for Canada's Physical Activity Guide for Health Active Living, with particular reference to the effect of physical activity on the health of adults aged 20-55 years. Existing physical activity guidelines for adults from around the world are summarized briefly and compared to the Canadian guidelines. The descriptive epidemiology of physical activity and inactivity in Canada is presented, and the strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated, with particular emphasis on minimal and optimal physical activity requirements. Finally, areas requiring further investigation are highlighted. Summarizing the findings, Canadian and most international physical activity guidelines advocate moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week. Physical activity appears to reduce the risk for over 25 chronic conditions, in particular coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, breast cancer, colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Current literature suggests that if the entire Canadian population followed current physical activity guidelines, approximately one-third of deaths related to coronary heart disease, one quarter of deaths related to stroke and osteoporosis, 20% of deaths related to colon cancer, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, and 14% of deaths related to breast cancer could be prevented. It also appears that the prevention of weight gain and the maintenance of weight loss require greater physical activity levels than current recommendations.
本文献综述更新了加拿大健康积极生活身体活动指南的科学生物学和社会心理基础，特别提及身体活动对20至55岁成年人健康的影响。简要总结了世界各地现有的成人身体活动指南，并与加拿大指南进行了比较。介绍了加拿大身体活动和缺乏身体活动的描述性流行病学，并评估了身体活动与特定健康结果之间关系的强度，特别强调了最低和最佳身体活动要求。最后，突出了需要进一步研究的领域。总结研究结果，加拿大和大多数国际身体活动指南都提倡在一周中的大多数日子进行中等强度的身体活动。身体活动似乎能降低超过25种慢性病的风险，特别是冠心病、中风、高血压、乳腺癌、结肠癌、2型糖尿病和骨质疏松症。当前文献表明，如果全体加拿大人口遵循当前的身体活动指南，大约三分之一与冠心病相关的死亡、四分之一与中风和骨质疏松症相关的死亡、20%与结肠癌、高血压和2型糖尿病相关的死亡，以及14%与乳腺癌相关的死亡可以得到预防。此外，预防体重增加和维持体重减轻似乎需要比当前建议更高的身体活动水平。
