通才基因与高认知能力。
Generalist genes and high cognitive abilities.
作者信息
Haworth Claire M A, Dale Philip S, Plomin Robert
机构信息
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre P080, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
出版信息
Behav Genet. 2009 Jul;39(4):437-45. doi: 10.1007/s10519-009-9271-2. Epub 2009 Apr 18.
The concept of generalist genes operating across diverse domains of cognitive abilities is now widely accepted. Much less is known about the etiology of the high extreme of performance. Is there more specialization at the high extreme? Using a representative sample of 4,000 12-year-old twin pairs from the UK Twins Early Development Study, we investigated the genetic and environmental overlap between web-based tests of general cognitive ability, reading, mathematics and language performance for the top 15% of the distribution using DF extremes analysis. Generalist genes are just as evident at the high extremes of performance as they are for the entire distribution of abilities and for cognitive disabilities. However, a smaller proportion of the phenotypic intercorrelations appears to be explained by genetic influences for high abilities.
跨多种认知能力领域发挥作用的通才基因概念如今已被广泛接受。对于表现处于极高水平的病因，我们了解得要少得多。在高水平极端情况下是否存在更多的专门化现象？我们利用来自英国双胞胎早期发展研究的4000对12岁双胞胎的代表性样本，采用DF极端值分析，研究了处于分布前15%的一般认知能力、阅读、数学和语言表现的网络测试之间的遗传和环境重叠情况。通才基因在表现的高水平极端情况中与在能力的整个分布以及认知障碍情况中一样明显。然而，对于高能力而言，较小比例的表型相互关系似乎可由遗传影响来解释。
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