Lewis J M
Timberlawn Psychiatric Hospital, Dallas, TX 75315-1489.
Int J Group Psychother. 1991 Oct;41(4):419-32. doi: 10.1080/00207284.1991.11490672.
The author outlines a basic model for teaching psychotherapeutic skills that includes five modules relating to (1) the dynamics of exploration, designed to encourage the patient's affective expression; (2) relationship structure, considering patterns of patient-therapist interaction along a closeness/separateness continuum; (3) affect, empathy, and distance regulation, emphasizing the crucial significance of identifying correctly and responding empathically to patients' affective messages; (4) basic cognitive interventions, focused on techniques for facilitating the patient's narrative flow and capacity to analyze experiences, and for formulating the patient's psychopathology; and (5) the therapist's use of self. The author concludes by examining why systematic psychotherapy training is particularly important at this time, in light of such pressures as managed health care, neuroscientific advances and psychopharmacologic breakthroughs, and the wave of self-help organizations.
作者概述了一种心理治疗技能教学的基本模式，该模式包括五个模块，分别涉及：（1）探索动力学，旨在鼓励患者进行情感表达；（2）关系结构，考量患者与治疗师沿着亲近/疏离连续体的互动模式；（3）情感、同理心及距离调节，强调正确识别并以同理心回应患者情感信息的关键意义；（4）基本认知干预，专注于促进患者叙述流畅性及分析经历能力的技巧，以及用于阐述患者精神病理学的技巧；（5）治疗师的自我运用。作者最后探讨了鉴于管理式医疗、神经科学进展和精神药理学突破以及自助组织浪潮等压力，为何此时系统的心理治疗培训尤为重要。
