To study the role of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis in the chicken, two experiments were carried out. In the first study, seven-week-old broilers (n=16) were allocated into 2 groups, fasted for 24 h or refed for 5 h after a 24 h fasting. The mRNA concentrations for SREBPs and other lipogenic genes in the liver were determined by quantitative real time PCR. The hepatic mRNA relative abundance of lipogenic genes and genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were significantly greater (p<0.001) in the refed broilers. Similar results were demonstrated with Northern analysis. The data suggest that in the liver of fasted broilers, genes associated with lipogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis were inhibited. Indeed, the mRNA concentrations for fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme, and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase were almost undetectable after the 24 h fasting. The data also demonstrated that the expression of lipogenic genes coordinate well as a group during the refeeding period. Second, three small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides against SREBP1 were designed to be used in transfecting a chicken hepatocarcinoma cell line LMH. One of the three siRNAs effectively reduced SREBP1 mRNA concentration (p<0.01). The acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(alpha) (ACC(alpha)) mRNA was also significantly reduced by the SREBP1 siRNA treatment, suggesting that SREBP1 can upregulate the expression of this lipogenic gene. This siRNA, however, did not affect the mRNA for FAS. Taken together, the RNA interference study showed that SREBP1 has the ability to regulate the expression of ACC(alpha). This study has helped us understand more about the function of SREBP1 and the physiology of the broiler chickens.