Anderson Melissa S, Martinson Brian C, De Vries Raymond
University of Minnesota.
J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2007 Dec;2(4):3-14. doi: 10.1525/jer.2007.2.4.3.
NORMS OF BEHAVIOR IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH represent ideals to which most scientists subscribe. Our analysis of the extent of dissonance between these widely espoused ideals and scientists' perceptions of their own and others' behavior is based on survey responses from 3,247 mid- and early-career scientists who had research funding from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. We found substantial normative dissonance, particularly between espoused ideals and respondents' perceptions of other scientists' typical behavior. Also, respondents on average saw other scientists' behavior as more counternormative than normative. Scientists' views of their fields as cooperative or competitive were associated with their normative perspectives, with competitive fields showing more counternormative behavior. The high levels of normative dissonance documented here represent a persistent source of stress in science.
科学研究中的行为规范代表了大多数科学家认同的理想状态。我们对这些广泛认可的理想与科学家对自身及他人行为认知之间的不一致程度进行了分析，分析基于对3247名处于职业生涯中期和早期、获得美国国立卫生研究院研究资金的科学家的调查反馈。我们发现了显著的规范不一致，尤其是在公认的理想与受访者对其他科学家典型行为的认知之间。此外，受访者平均认为其他科学家的行为更多是违反规范而非符合规范的。科学家对其所在领域是合作性还是竞争性的看法与他们的规范观点相关，竞争激烈的领域表现出更多违反规范的行为。此处记录的高水平规范不一致是科学领域持续存在的压力源。
