Gollwitzer Peter M, Sheeran Paschal, Michalski Verena, Seifert Andrea E
New York University, Psychology Department, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2009 May;20(5):612-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02336.x. Epub 2009 Apr 6.
Based on Lewinian goal theory in general and self-completion theory in particular, four experiments examined the implications of other people taking notice of one's identity-related behavioral intentions (e.g., the intention to read law periodicals regularly to reach the identity goal of becoming a lawyer). Identity-related behavioral intentions that had been noticed by other people were translated into action less intensively than those that had been ignored (Studies 1-3). This effect was evident in the field (persistent striving over 1 week's time; Study 1) and in the laboratory (jumping on opportunities to act; Studies 2 and 3), and it held among participants with strong but not weak commitment to the identity goal (Study 3). Study 4 showed, in addition, that when other people take notice of an individual's identity-related behavioral intention, this gives the individual a premature sense of possessing the aspired-to identity.
基于一般的勒温目标理论，特别是自我完善理论，四项实验研究了他人注意到一个人与身份相关的行为意图（例如，定期阅读法律期刊以实现成为律师的身份目标的意图）的影响。被他人注意到的与身份相关的行为意图转化为行动的强度低于那些被忽视的意图（研究1 - 3）。这种效应在实地（持续努力一周时间；研究1）和实验室（抓住行动机会；研究2和3）中都很明显，并且在对身份目标有强烈而非微弱承诺的参与者中也成立（研究3）。此外，研究4表明，当他人注意到一个人的与身份相关的行为意图时，这会给这个人一种过早拥有渴望身份的感觉。
