Rossit Andréa Regina Baptista, Gonçalves Ana Carolina Musa, Franco Célia, Machado Ricardo Luiz Dantas
Center for Microorganisms Investigation, Department of Dermatological, Parasitical and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2009 Mar-Apr;51(2):59-65. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000200001.
Despite the importance of understanding the epidemiology of agents responsible for infectious diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, the number of articles about this subject is relatively few. The current article summarizes published data on bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic enteropathogens in the HIV/AIDS seropositive subjects in different countries, regions and localities. In general, there is a great difference in the frequencies of etiological agents due to factors which include immune status, geographical location, climate and socioeconomic conditions. It is important to stress that a great prevalence of infection by emergent agents has been reported in the more advanced stages of AIDS. Therefore, to establish specific treatment depends directly on knowledge of these agents and risk factors associated to their distribution. Moreover, the colonization by potential pathogenic agents verified in these individuals is high thus implicating that they act as carriers. Finally, public health measures of control and prevention must take into consideration the regional previously identified enteropathogens, especially in areas where HIV prevalence is high.
尽管了解人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）人群中引起感染性腹泻的病原体流行病学很重要，但关于该主题的文章数量相对较少。本文总结了不同国家、地区和地点HIV/AIDS血清阳性受试者中细菌、真菌、病毒和寄生虫肠道病原体的已发表数据。一般来说，由于免疫状态、地理位置、气候和社会经济条件等因素，病原体的频率存在很大差异。需要强调的是，在艾滋病更晚期阶段，已报告新兴病原体感染的高流行率。因此，确定具体治疗方法直接取决于对这些病原体及其分布相关危险因素的了解。此外，在这些个体中证实的潜在病原体定植率很高，这意味着他们是携带者。最后，控制和预防的公共卫生措施必须考虑到先前确定的区域肠道病原体，特别是在HIV流行率高的地区。
