巴基斯坦精神科门诊患者苯二氮䓬类药物使用模式：一项横断面调查。
Pattern of benzodiazepine use in psychiatric outpatients in Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey.
作者信息
Ahmer Syed, Salamat Sumera, Khan Rashid Am, Iqbal Saleem Perwaiz, Haider Imran Ijaz, Khan Ayesha Shabaz, Zafar Mohsan
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
出版信息
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2009 Apr 28;5:9. doi: 10.1186/1745-0179-5-9.
BACKGROUND
Benzodiazepines (BDZ) are the largest-selling drug group in the world. The potential of dependence with BDZ has been known for almost three decades now. In countries like Pakistan where laws against unlicensed sale of BDZ are not implemented vigorously the risk of misuse of and dependence on these drugs is even higher. Previous studies have shown that BDZ prevalence among patients/visitors to general outpatient clinics in Pakistan may be as high as 30%. However, no research has been carried out on the prevalence of BDZ use in psychiatric patients in Pakistan.
METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional survey over 3 months in psychiatry outpatient clinics of two tertiary care hospitals in Karachi and Lahore. Besides basic socio-demographic data the participants were asked if they were taking a BDZ at present and if yes, the frequency, route and dosage of the drug, who had initiated the drug and why it had been prescribed. We used chi-square test and t-test to find out which socio-demographic or clinical factors were associated with an increased risk of BDZ use. We used Logistic Regression to find out which variable(s) best predicted the increased likelihood of BDZ use.
RESULTS
Out of a total of 419 participants 187 (45%) of the participants had been currently using at least one BDZ. Seventy-three percent of the users had been using the drug for 4 weeks or longer and 87% were taking it every day. In 90% of cases the BDZ had been initiated by a doctor, who was a psychiatrist in 70% of the cases. Female gender, increasing age, living in Lahore, and having seen a psychiatrist before, were associated with an increased likelihood of using BDZ.
CONCLUSION
The study shows how high BDZ use is in psychiatric outpatients in Pakistan. Most of the users were taking it for a duration and with a frequency which puts them at risk of becoming dependent on BDZ. In most of the cases it had been initiated by a doctor. Both patients and doctors need to be made aware of the risk of dependence associated with the use of BDZ.
背景
苯二氮䓬类药物（BDZ）是全球销量最大的药品类别。人们知晓BDZ具有成瘾的可能性已近三十年。在巴基斯坦这样的国家，针对无许可证销售BDZ的法律并未严格执行，这些药物被滥用和成瘾的风险甚至更高。此前的研究表明，在巴基斯坦普通门诊的患者/访客中，BDZ的使用率可能高达30%。然而，尚未有关于巴基斯坦精神科患者中BDZ使用情况的患病率研究。
方法
我们在卡拉奇和拉合尔的两家三级护理医院的精神科门诊进行了为期3个月的横断面调查。除了基本的社会人口统计学数据外，还询问参与者目前是否正在服用BDZ，如果是，则询问药物的使用频率、途径和剂量，谁开始使用该药物以及用药原因。我们使用卡方检验和t检验来找出哪些社会人口统计学或临床因素与BDZ使用风险增加相关。我们使用逻辑回归来找出哪些变量最能预测BDZ使用可能性的增加。
结果
在总共419名参与者中，187名（45%）目前正在使用至少一种BDZ。73%的使用者使用该药物已达4周或更长时间，87%的使用者每天都在服用。在90%的病例中，BDZ由医生开具，其中70%的病例中开具医生为精神科医生。女性、年龄增长、居住在拉合尔以及之前看过精神科医生与使用BDZ的可能性增加相关。
结论
该研究表明巴基斯坦精神科门诊患者中BDZ的使用率有多高。大多数使用者服用该药物的时长和频率使他们面临BDZ成瘾的风险。在大多数情况下，药物是由医生开具的。患者和医生都需要了解与使用BDZ相关的成瘾风险。
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