Weil Ernesto, Cróquer Aldo
Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 908, Lajas 00667, Puerto Rico, USA.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2009 Feb 25;83(3):195-208. doi: 10.3354/dao02011.
Geographic assessments of coral diseases are needed to understand their local and geographic spatial-temporal variability. Coral and octocoral diseases and their prevalence were assessed along 4 permanent 10 x 2 m band-transects in each of 3 depth habitats (<4, 5-12 and >15 m) in each of 2 reefs in each of 6 countries across the wider Caribbean during the summer and fall of 2005. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to test variability of major diseases and community level disease prevalence in corals and octocorals among habitats, reefs and countries. The most common and damaging diseases reported for the region were found in most reefs surveyed, but prevalence at the community level was generally low (ca. 2%) increasing from northern to southern latitudes. A significant interaction between sites (nested within country) and depth habitats was found (F = 2.1, df = 12, p = 0.02), with higher prevalence of coral diseases in deep habitats of Culebrita, Puerto Rico (14.8 +/- SE 6.5%) and in shallow habitats of Roldán, Panama (10.2 +/- SE 3.5%). The relative importance of each particular disease was dependent on site and habitat (depth intervals) (F = 1.7, df = 12, p = 0.001), with black band disease more prevalent in shallow habitats of Rita's, Bermuda (1.7 +/- SE 0.4%) and yellow band disease (YBD) more prevalent in deeper habitats of Chub Cut, Bermuda (3.7 +/- SE 0.5%). There was a significant interaction of total octocoral diseases with country and habitat (F = 2.8, df = 10, p = 0.04) with higher prevalence in deeper habitats of Curaçao (25.9 +/- SE 4.2%). Our results indicate that patterns of prevalence of coral and octocoral diseases were not consistent across the different spatial scales, showing differences produced by particular diseases and community composition present. There were no widespread epizootics, but local white plague-II and YBD epizootics were observed in Puerto Rico and other localities.
需要对珊瑚疾病进行地理评估，以了解其局部和地理时空变异性。2005年夏秋季节，在加勒比海地区6个国家的2个珊瑚礁中，每个珊瑚礁的3个深度栖息地（<4米、5 - 12米和>15米）分别设置了4条10×2米的永久性带状样带，对珊瑚和八放珊瑚疾病及其患病率进行了评估。采用置换多元方差分析来检验珊瑚和八放珊瑚中主要疾病以及群落水平疾病患病率在栖息地、珊瑚礁和国家之间的变异性。该地区报告的最常见且具破坏性的疾病在大多数调查珊瑚礁中均有发现，但群落水平的患病率总体较低（约2%），且从北向南纬度呈上升趋势。发现地点（嵌套在国家内）与深度栖息地之间存在显著交互作用（F = 2.1，自由度 = 12，p = 0.02），在波多黎各库莱布里塔岛的深海栖息地（14.8 ± 标准误6.5%）以及巴拿马罗尔丹岛的浅海栖息地（10.2 ± 标准误3.5%），珊瑚疾病患病率较高。每种特定疾病的相对重要性取决于地点和栖息地（深度区间）（F = 1.7，自由度 = 12，p = 0.001），在百慕大群岛丽塔岛的浅海栖息地，黑带病更为普遍（1.7 ± 标准误0.4%），而在百慕大群岛查布礁的深海栖息地，黄带病（YBD）更为普遍（3.7 ± 标准误0.5%）。八放珊瑚疾病总数与国家和栖息地之间存在显著交互作用（F = 2.8，自由度 = 10，p = 0.04），在库拉索岛的深海栖息地患病率较高（25.9 ± 标准误4.2%）。我们的结果表明，珊瑚和八放珊瑚疾病患病率模式在不同空间尺度上并不一致，呈现出由特定疾病和群落组成所产生的差异。未出现广泛的流行病，但在波多黎各和其他地区观察到了局部的白瘟-II和黄带病流行病。
