Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
Microb Ecol. 2010 May;59(4):646-57. doi: 10.1007/s00248-010-9644-3. Epub 2010 Mar 23.
Vibrio coralliilyticus is a global marine pathogen that has been found to cause disease in several marine organisms, including corals. This study is the first report of the isolation of V. coralliilyticus from a diseased Caribbean octocoral, Pseudopterogorgia americana. Five sister phylotypes were positively identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, recA probes specific for V. coralliilyticus, and rep-PCR fingerprinting. The antimicrobial resistance was compared between pathogenic strains of V. coralliilyticus and the Caribbean strains. First, the antimicrobial resistance of V. coralliilyticus-type strain ATCC BAA-450 was determined using an agar-overlay antimicrobial bioassay at 24 degrees C and 27 degrees C, temperatures which are relevant to its known temperature-dependent virulence. From 108 distinct bacteria isolated from P. americana, 12 inhibited the V. coralliilyticus-type strain at 24 degrees C and five at 27 degrees C. Next, the phenotypic comparison of two Caribbean phylotypes and three V. coralliilyticus reference strains against a subset of 30 bacteria demonstrated a similar resistance trend. At both temperatures, the reference strains were inhibited by three bacteria isolates, while the Caribbean strains were inhibited by four to nine bacteria. Additionally, V. coralliilyticus-type strain ATCC BAA-450 and one of the Caribbean strains were inhibited by a higher number of bacteria at 24 degrees C compared with 27 degrees C. Together, these results highlight that V. coralliilyticus strains have antimicrobial resistance to the majority of coral-associated bacteria tested, which may be temperature-dependent in some strains. Furthermore, all V. coralliilyticus strains tested showed multi-drug resistance to a range of 11-16 (out of 26) commercial antibiotics. This study establishes V. coralliilyticus in association with a Caribbean octocoral and demonstrates its resistance to the antimicrobial activity of coral-associated bacteria and to commercial antibiotics.
海美人鱼发光杆菌是一种全球性的海洋病原体，已被发现可导致多种海洋生物患病，包括珊瑚。本研究首次从患病的加勒比海八放珊瑚 Pseudopterogorgia americana 中分离出海美人鱼发光杆菌。通过 16S rRNA 基因测序、针对海美人鱼发光杆菌的 recA 探针和 rep-PCR 指纹图谱，鉴定出了 5 个姐妹菌株。比较了海美人鱼发光杆菌致病性菌株与加勒比海菌株的抗菌药物耐药性。首先，在 24°C 和 27°C（与已知的温度依赖性毒力相关）下，使用琼脂覆盖抗菌生物测定法确定海美人鱼发光杆菌型菌株 ATCC BAA-450 的抗菌药物耐药性。从从 P. americana 中分离出的 108 种不同细菌中，有 12 种在 24°C 时抑制海美人鱼发光杆菌型菌株，有 5 种在 27°C 时抑制该菌株。接下来，对来自加勒比海的两个菌株和三个海美人鱼发光杆菌参考菌株与 30 种细菌的亚组进行表型比较，结果表明存在相似的耐药趋势。在两种温度下，参考菌株都被三种细菌抑制，而加勒比海菌株则被四种到九种细菌抑制。此外，与 27°C 相比，海美人鱼发光杆菌型菌株 ATCC BAA-450 和加勒比海菌株之一在 24°C 时被更多的细菌抑制。总之，这些结果表明，海美人鱼发光杆菌菌株对大多数测试的珊瑚相关细菌具有抗菌药物耐药性，在某些菌株中可能与温度有关。此外，所有测试的海美人鱼发光杆菌菌株均对 11-16 种（共 26 种）商业抗生素表现出多药耐药性。本研究确立了海美人鱼发光杆菌与加勒比海八放珊瑚的关联，并证明了其对珊瑚相关细菌的抗菌活性和商业抗生素的耐药性。
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