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迈向学习障碍的科学教学法:信息中的一致性。

Toward a scientific pedagogy of learning disabilities: a sameness in the message.

作者信息

Kameenui E J

机构信息

Teacher Education Division, University of Oregon, Eugene.

出版信息

J Learn Disabil. 1991 Jun-Jul;24(6):364-72. doi: 10.1177/002221949102400607.

Abstract

The development of a scientific pedagogy of learning disabilities as called for by Kirk and Bateman (1962) requires the rendering of a science of learning disabilities and a pedagogy derived from that science. But such a pedagogy is necessarily incomplete if it fails to recognize that the structure of the curriculum significantly shapes the act of teaching students identified as learning disabled. The current thinking about curricula is that the universe of information that a curriculum program comprises need only be organized around subject area topics (e.g., mathematics, reading, language arts, science, social studies) and hierarchically arranged in a scope and sequence that has as its main characteristic the general ordering of skills from simple to complex. For all practical purposes, information is viewed as raw material (Kaufman et al., 1990) that can be nominally organized and readily packaged. The information is then consumed as curriculum that requires little or no transformation of its form or structure. The articles in this series of the Journal of Learning Disabilities provide examples of how transforming information by identifying and developing curricula around structural samenesses can lead to a pedagogy that is efficient and effective. The development of a scientific pedagogy of learning disabilities requires that the field acknowledge the importance of curriculum structure and the complexity of information. The field must also examine the intricacies of designing curricula with the same kind of commitment and passion it has demonstrated in the last 30 years in investigating the etiology and organic basis of learning disabilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

摘要

正如柯克和贝特曼(1962年)所呼吁的那样,学习障碍科学教学法的发展需要一门学习障碍科学以及源自该科学的教学法。但是,如果这种教学法没有认识到课程结构会显著影响对被认定为有学习障碍的学生的教学行为,那么它必然是不完整的。当前关于课程的观点认为,课程计划所包含的信息范围只需围绕学科领域主题(如数学、阅读、语言艺术、科学、社会研究)进行组织,并按照从简单到复杂的技能总体排序这一主要特征,在范围和顺序上进行分层排列。实际上,信息被视为可以名义上进行组织并易于打包的原材料(考夫曼等人,1990年)。然后,这些信息作为课程被使用,几乎不需要对其形式或结构进行任何改变。《学习障碍杂志》这一系列文章提供了一些示例,说明通过围绕结构相似性识别和开发课程来转变信息,如何能够产生一种高效且有效的教学法。学习障碍科学教学法的发展要求该领域承认课程结构的重要性以及信息的复杂性。该领域还必须以过去30年在研究学习障碍的病因和器质性基础时所展现出的同样的投入和热情,来审视设计课程的错综复杂之处。(摘要截选至250字)

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