Medina E, Paredes C, Pérez-Murcia M D, Bustamante M A, Moral R
Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela (Alicante), Spain.
Bioresour Technol. 2009 Sep;100(18):4227-32. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.055. Epub 2009 May 5.
This research work was conducted in order to investigate the possibility of using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) in the production of horticultural seedlings replacing part of the peat in the growing media. Three vegetable species with different salt sensitivities, the less sensitive being tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Muchamiel), the moderately salt-sensitive being courgette (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Afrodite F1) and the most salt-sensitive being pepper (Capsicum annum L. var. Lamuyo F1) were grown in 12 media containing SMS of two types of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (SMS-AB) and Pleurotus ostreatus (SMS-PO)) or a mixture of both 50% (v/v) (SMS-50), as well as peat in various ratios. The proportions of each residue in the mixtures elaborated with peat were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% v/v residue. A substrate of 100% peat was used as control. The experiment was arranged in a completely-randomised design with two replicates per treatment under greenhouse conditions. Prior to sowing, some physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the growing media were determined and seed germination and fresh weight of seedling were also measured. In most of the cases, the addition of SMS to the growing media produced an increase in the pH values, salt contents, macro and micronutrient concentrations and a decrease in the water holding capacity contents in comparison to peat, whereas great differences were found in the air capacity values between SMS-based substrates and peat. Up to 75% SMS can be used in mixtures with peat for seed germination of the plant species studied. Regarding the most suitable SMS-based substrates for plant growth, any substrate could be used for tomato seedling production. However, all SMS-AB-based substrates and the media containing low dose of SMS-PO and SMS-50 were adequate for growth of courgette and pepper.
开展本研究工作是为了调查在园艺幼苗生产中使用废弃蘑菇培养料（SMS）替代生长介质中部分泥炭的可能性。选用了三种对盐分敏感度不同的蔬菜品种，对盐分不太敏感的是番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum var. Muchamiel），中度盐分敏感的是西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo L. var. Afrodite F1），对盐分最敏感的是辣椒（Capsicum annum L. var. Lamuyo F1）。将它们种植在12种介质中，这些介质含有两种蘑菇（双孢蘑菇（SMS - AB）和平菇（SMS - PO））的废弃蘑菇培养料，或两者50%（v/v）的混合物（SMS - 50），以及不同比例的泥炭。在与泥炭配制的混合物中，每种残渣的比例为25%、50%、75%和100%（v/v）残渣。以100%泥炭的基质作为对照。试验采用完全随机设计，在温室条件下每个处理重复两次。播种前，测定了生长介质的一些物理、物理化学和化学性质，并测量了种子发芽率和幼苗鲜重。在大多数情况下，与泥炭相比，向生长介质中添加废弃蘑菇培养料会使pH值、盐分含量、大量和微量营养元素浓度增加，持水量降低，而基于废弃蘑菇培养料的基质和泥炭之间的通气能力值存在很大差异。高达75%的废弃蘑菇培养料可与泥炭混合用于所研究植物物种的种子萌发。关于最适合植物生长的基于废弃蘑菇培养料的基质，任何基质都可用于番茄幼苗生产。然而，所有基于双孢蘑菇废弃蘑菇培养料的基质以及含有低剂量平菇废弃蘑菇培养料和50%混合废弃蘑菇培养料的介质都适合西葫芦和辣椒的生长。
