Yuan Chongshan, Li Changze, Chen Xinyuan, Tahir Syed Muhammad, Zhang Aiwu, Wu Min
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 5;12(15):1984. doi: 10.3390/ani12151984.
Sika deer velvet antler is the most important animal nutraceutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Reducing the breeding cost of sika deer by looking for a low-cost diet is the main research direction at present. The purpose of this experiment was to find an alternative diet for sika deer and reduce the cost of the diet by using spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a concentrate supplement. The apparent digestibility for sika doe and the hematological changes of sika doe and suckling fawn were measured by replacing 10% of the concentrate supplement with SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus (SMS-MP). Compared with the control group, the digestibility of dry matter (DM), total protein (TP), globulin (GLO), and cholesterol (CHOL) of sika doe were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and glucose (GLU), alanine (Ala), phenylalanine (Phe), and proline (Pro) of sika doe were significantly increased (p < 0.05) after the replacement of SMS-MP. Compared with the control group, the serum GLU of suckling fawn was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and the phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increased after the replacement of SMS-MP (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the immune globulin and amino acid of suckling fawns between the two groups (p > 0.05). The present findings confirm the applicability of SMS-MP as a sika doe concentrate supplement. At the same time, using SMS, a waste resource, can not only reduce the breeding cost of sika doe, but also make full use of SMS to reduce environmental pollution.
梅花鹿茸是传统中药中最重要的动物营养保健品。通过寻找低成本日粮来降低梅花鹿的养殖成本是目前的主要研究方向。本试验旨在寻找梅花鹿的替代日粮，并通过使用平菇菌糠（SMS）作为精料补充料来降低日粮成本。用平菇菌糠替代10%的精料补充料（SMS-MP），测定梅花鹿母鹿的表观消化率以及梅花鹿母鹿和哺乳仔鹿的血液学变化。与对照组相比，用SMS-MP替代后，梅花鹿母鹿的干物质（DM）、总蛋白（TP）、球蛋白（GLO）和胆固醇（CHOL）消化率显著降低（p<0.05），葡萄糖（GLU）、丙氨酸（Ala）、苯丙氨酸（Phe）和脯氨酸（Pro）显著升高（p<0.05）。与对照组相比，用SMS-MP替代后，哺乳仔鹿的血清GLU显著降低（p<0.05），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）显著升高（p<0.05）。两组哺乳仔鹿的免疫球蛋白和氨基酸无显著差异（p>0.05）。本研究结果证实了SMS-MP作为梅花鹿母鹿精料补充料的适用性。同时，利用菌糠这种废弃资源，不仅可以降低梅花鹿母鹿的养殖成本，还能充分利用菌糠减少环境污染。
