Matsuoka Yumiko, Lamirande Elaine W, Subbarao Kanta
NIAID, NIH, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2009 May;Chapter 15:Unit 15G.3. doi: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc15g03s13.
A major challenge in influenza research is the selection of an appropriate animal model that accurately reflects the disease and protective immune response to influenza infection in humans. Ferrets are exquisitely susceptible to infection with human influenza viruses and are widely believed to be the ideal small animal model for influenza research. Mice have also been used for influenza vaccine research for decades. Although human influenza viruses generally cause disease in mice only if they are first adapted to the species, the ready availability of mice, their relatively low cost, and the variety of genetic backgrounds and targeted defects, and the immunologic reagents available make the mouse an attractive and heavily utilized animal model for studies of influenza. Although they are not discussed in detail in this unit, hamsters, guinea pigs, cotton rats (Sigmodon), and rats (Rattus) have also been used for influenza research.
流感研究中的一个主要挑战是选择一种合适的动物模型，该模型能准确反映人类流感感染的疾病情况和保护性免疫反应。雪貂极易感染人类流感病毒，被广泛认为是流感研究的理想小型动物模型。小鼠也已被用于流感疫苗研究数十年。虽然人类流感病毒通常只有在首先适应该物种后才会在小鼠中引发疾病，但小鼠易于获取、成本相对较低、具有多种遗传背景和靶向缺陷，以及有可用的免疫试剂，这使得小鼠成为流感研究中一种有吸引力且被大量使用的动物模型。尽管本单元未详细讨论，但仓鼠、豚鼠、棉鼠（棉鼠属）和大鼠（褐家鼠属）也已被用于流感研究。
